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一、前言 据世界能源会议统计,全世界理论水能资源为44.28亿度/年,相当于平均出力50.5亿千瓦,其中可能开发的水能资源,装机容量22.6亿千瓦,年电量为9.8万亿度。我国水能资源丰富,理论蕴藏量为6.76亿千瓦,可开发容量为3.78亿千瓦,年发电最1.91万亿度。建国以来我同水电事业有较大进展,截止1982年底水电装机为2257万千瓦,年发电量为743亿度。 解放以后兴建的大中型水电站,有很大部份是混凝土坝,其中有坝后式水电站,坝内式水电站、河床式水电站、溢流式水电站……等,这些水电站的进水口都是属于坝式进水口。据不完全统计,我国已建成10万千瓦以上的水电站27个(详见表2)合计装机容量965.26万千瓦,年发电量为437.82亿度。正在兴建的葛洲坝、安康、大化、龙羊峡水电站合计装机容量为474.5万千瓦,年发电量为235.8亿度。这些水电站几乎全为坝式进水口。
I. Introduction According to the statistics of the World Energy Conference, the theoretical theoretical hydropower resources in the world is 4.428 billion kWh / year, equivalent to an average output of 5.05 billion kilowatts. Among them, hydropower resources that may be developed, with installed capacity of 2.26 billion kilowatts and annual electricity consumption of 9.8 trillion degree. China is rich in hydropower resources, with a theoretical reserve of 676 million kilowatts, a development capacity of 378 million kilowatts and annual power generation of 1.91 trillion degrees. Since the founding of the PRC, I have made great progress in the cause of hydropower. By the end of 1982, the installed capacity of hydropower was 22.57 million kilowatts, with an annual generating capacity of 74.3 billion kilowatt-hours. After the liberation of large and medium-sized hydropower stations built, a large part of the concrete dams, including dam-type hydropower stations, dam-type hydropower stations, riverbed-type hydropower stations, overflow-type hydropower stations ... ..., these hydropower stations are dam belongs to the dam Water inlet. According to incomplete statistics, China has built 27 hydropower stations with a capacity of 100,000 kilowatts or more (see Table 2 for details), with a total installed capacity of 9.6526 million kilowatts and an annual generating capacity of 43.782 billion kilowatt degrees. Gezhouba being built, well-being, Dahua, Longyangxia hydropower station total installed capacity of 4745000 kilowatts, annual generating capacity of 23.58 billion degrees. Almost all of these hydropower stations are dam intakes.