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如何正确处理流域开发与生态环境保护的关系,客观评价闸坝对生态环境的影响,是我国流域管理中亟待解决的科学问题之一。本文从河流的自然特性入手,剖析了闸坝修建和调控引起的水文水环境效应,探讨了闸坝对河流水量水质影响评价的理论基础、关键内容和技术手段等,提出了基于流域水循环过程认识和模拟的闸坝效应量化体系和分析方法;并以我国水利工程最密集、污染最严重的淮河流域为例,初步探索了流域闸坝的水文水环境效应。研究可为多闸坝调控流域水资源开发利用和水污染治理提供理论支持,为实现流域综合管理及社会经济可持续发展作出贡献。
How to properly handle the relationship between watershed development and ecological environment protection and objectively evaluate the impact of flood control dam on the ecological environment is one of the scientific problems to be solved in watershed management in China. This paper starts with the natural characteristics of rivers and analyzes the hydrological and environmental effects caused by the construction and regulation of sluices. The theoretical basis, key contents and technical measures of sluice dam impact on river water quantity and quality are discussed. Based on the understanding of the process of watershed water cycle And simulated sluice dam effect quantification system and analysis method. Taking the Huaihe River basin with the most intensive and most polluting water conservancy projects in China as an example, the hydrological and water environment effects of the sluice gate are explored. The research can provide theoretical support for the development and utilization of water resources and water pollution control of multiple sluices, and contribute to the realization of integrated river basin management and sustainable socio-economic development.