目的:探讨人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)感染及bcl-2蛋白的表达在维吾尔族妇女外阴癌发生发展中的作用及其相互关系。方法:应用原位杂交及免疫组化SP法对67份维吾尔族妇女外阴手术切除存档蜡块(其中外阴癌57份,癌旁正常外阴组织10份)进行HPV16/18型及bcl-2蛋白的检测。结果:(1)57份外阴癌及10份癌旁正常外阴组织中,无一例HPV16/18型阳性表达;bcl-2蛋白在外阴癌组织中阳性表达率为70.18%(40/57),在10份癌旁组织中表达均阴性。(2)bcl-2在Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期及Ⅲ~IV期外阴癌中分别为70.18%,75.0%及50.0%,其在各期别之间无显著性差异(P=0.302),bcl-2蛋白表达在外阴癌淋巴结阳性组(88.88%)明显高于淋巴结阴性组(51.62%),两者之间有显著性差异(P=0.044)。结论:维吾尔族外阴角化型鳞状上皮癌的发生可能与HPV感染无关。bcl-2的表达与维吾尔族外阴角化型鳞状上皮癌密切相关。bcl-2的表达与外阴癌临床分期及组织学分级无明显相关,但与淋巴结转移有关。 Objective: To investigate the role of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and the expression of bcl-2 protein in the occurrence and development of vulvar cancer in Uigur women. Methods: In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical SP method were used to detect the expression of HPV16 / 18 and bcl-2 protein in 67 Uygur women with vulva surgical excision and archival wax block (57 in vulvar cancer and 10 in normal paravertebral tissue) Detection. Results: (1) No HPV16 / 18 positive was detected in 57 vulvar cancers and 10 adjacent normal vulva tissues. The positive rate of bcl-2 protein in vulvar cancer tissues was 70.18% (40/57) The expression of 10 adjacent non-cancerous tissues was negative. (2) The expression of bcl-2 was 70.18%, 75.0% and 50.0% in stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ vulvar cancer respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.302) 2 protein in lymph node positive group (88.88%) was significantly higher than that in lymph node negative group (51.62%), there was a significant difference between the two (P = 0.044). Conclusion: Uygur genital keratosis squamous cell carcinoma may have nothing to do with HPV infection. The expression of bcl-2 is closely related to Uvarian genital keratinized squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of bcl-2 was not related to the clinical stage and histological grade of vulvar cancer, but it was related to lymph node metastasis.