方剂分类肇始于《黄帝内经》,后经历代医家的发挥而渐趋成熟。明代方剂数量快速增长,方剂学不断发展,方剂分类亦日趋完善。首先简要回顾明以前的方剂分类方法,继而从以病(证)类方、以临床各科类方、以治法类方、以组成类方、以剂型类方、综合分类法等几方面对明代方剂分类加以论述,认为明代除继承前代的方剂分类法外,出现了按剂型及组成对方剂进行分类的方法,并发展了功用分类法。此外,针对单独使用一种分类方法难以囊括众多方剂的情况,明代医家将病因、病证、病位、剂型、功用等分类法加以综合对方剂进行分类,反映了明代医家已经开始注重从方剂内部的特性出发来分类方剂,为清代及以后方剂分类法的发展与完善提供了思路。 Prescription began in the classification of “Huang Di Nei Jing”, after going through the generation of doctors and gradually mature. The number of prescriptions in the Ming Dynasty grew rapidly, the development of prescriptions continued, and the classification of prescriptions was also perfected. First of all, a brief review of the classification of prescriptions before the Ming, and then from the disease (card) class, with clinical subjects in order to rule the parties, to form a class, to the type of prescription, comprehensive taxonomy, and several other aspects The classification of prescriptions in the Ming Dynasty was discussed. In addition to inheriting the classification of prescriptions of the former generation, the method of classifying the prescriptions by dosage form and composition appeared in the Ming Dynasty, and the functional taxonomy was developed. In addition, for a single classification method is difficult to cover a large number of prescriptions, the Ming Dynasty physicians will etiology, disease symptoms, disease location, dosage form, function and other classification methods to classify the prescriptions, reflecting the Ming Dynasty physicians have begun to pay attention from the prescription internal The characteristics of the prescriptions to classify agents for the Qing dynasty and the classification of prescriptions to provide ideas for the development and improvement.