通过对小麦品种石麦12春化特性的遗传和分子标记研究,探索黄淮冬麦区小麦冬、春性改良途径和分子标记辅助选择技术。石麦12与冬性品种石家庄8号杂交后代F2:3株系中的春性株系、冬春性分离株系、冬性株系的分离比例符合1∶2∶1,表明石麦12具有一个显性春化基因,经已知春化基因的基因特异性标记鉴定为Vrn-D1。利用Vrn-D1的基因特异性标记对上述F2:3株系进行冬、春性鉴定的结果与表型鉴定结果一致,说明该分子标记可用于小麦冬、春性改良中对Vrn-D1的辅助选择。在高海拔、长日照地区夏播是小麦冬、春性表型鉴定的一个快速、简便途径。 Through the genetic and molecular marker studies on the vernalization characteristics of wheat cultivar Shimai 12, the winter and spring improvement approaches and molecular marker-assisted selection techniques of wheat in the Huanghuai winter wheat region were explored. The isolates of spring, winter and spring isolates and winter isolates from F2: 3 cross of Shimai 12 and winter wheat cultivar Shijiazhuang 8 fit 1: 2:1, indicating that Shimai 12 has One dominant vernalization gene was identified as Vrn-D1 by a gene-specific marker of the known vernalization gene. The results of the winter and spring identification of the F2: 3 lines with the Vrn-D1 gene-specific marker are consistent with those of the phenotypic identification, indicating that the molecular marker can be used for assisting the Vrn-D1 in winter and spring wheat improvement select. Summer sowing at high altitudes and long sunshine areas is a quick and easy way to identify winter and spring phenotypes.