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中国南海作为作为国际航道,拥有丰富的油气资源和多样的水下文化遗产,国家立法对这些沉船、淹没的古城、港口等水下文化遗产保存着的地域历史和海洋文明缺乏有效保护,通过文献梳理和比较评述,对中国、越南、泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾等国家相关的立法现状与发展进行分析。研究认为,海外非法跨境贩运走私和拍卖使国家法律制度在保护水下文化遗产方面面临巨大挑战,水下文化遗产所有权的复杂性导致南海区域合作保护中产生主权问题,南海区域的政治分歧与经济竞争给国家层面保护水下文化遗产带来困难,中国南海沿线水下文化遗产区域合作机制的建立有深层的必要性;随着一带一路战略的全面开展,中国与南海沿线各国应在国家立法层面探索水下文化遗产保护的区域合作策略,沿线国家应建立合作机制,缔结关于水下文化遗产的协议或行为准则,应互相沟通和合作挖掘水下文化遗产,进行水下考古学管理和保护方法的学术培训,应建立南海区域水下文化遗产数据库,提供关于共同的水下文化遗产信息,每个国家有义务与区域中的其他国家分享信息,有将水下文化遗产的发现和活动通知报告给其他国家的义务,还应有协调国家计划,磋商与协调南海沿线国之间的合作方式与内容并作出决定。
As an international navigation channel, China South China Sea has abundant oil and gas resources and diverse underwater cultural heritage. National legislation lacks effective protection of the geographical history and marine civilization preserved in underwater wilderness such as wrecks, inundated ancient cities and ports. Through the literature Combing and comparing comments on the status and development of the relevant legislation in China, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and other countries. The study shows that illegal overseas cross-border smuggling and auctions of smuggled goods pose a great challenge to the national legal system in protecting underwater cultural heritage. The complexity of the ownership of underwater cultural heritage has led to the sovereignty over the cooperation and protection in the South China Sea. The political differences in the South China Sea Economic competition has caused difficulties for the protection of underwater cultural heritage at the national level. The establishment of a regional cooperation mechanism for underwater cultural heritage along the South China Sea is in deep-rooted necessity. With the comprehensive development of the strategy of the Belt and Road initiative, all countries along the South China Sea should follow the national legislation At the level of exploration of underwater cultural heritage protection strategy of regional cooperation, countries along the line should establish a cooperation mechanism, the conclusion of agreements or codes of conduct on underwater cultural heritage, should communicate with each other and cooperation in mining underwater cultural heritage, underwater archeology management and protection Methods of academic training should be established within the South China Sea regional underwater cultural heritage database to provide information on the common underwater cultural heritage, each country has an obligation to share information with other countries in the region, there will be underwater cultural heritage findings and activities notice Report to other countries obligations, there should be coordination of national plans, consultations Business cooperation and coordination of cooperation between the countries along the South China Sea and the content and make a decision.