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Ferromanganese crusts are some of the most potentially valuable mineral resources under seawater,and are rich in metal elements,such as Mn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni、Pt.Due to their abundance ,high potentially economic value,low exploitation venture,and low exploitation influence on the environment,they have become notable internationally.The most favorable environments for crusts to form are underwater seamounts far away from active tectonic zone formed by volcanoes and have subsided many times.Their formation and distribution are related to volcanic action,seamount structure,types of basement rocks,and their weathering degree,etc.Seamounts furnish favorable environments for ferromanganese crusts to form and develop;volcanic action and weathering of basement rocks furnish rich materials for ferromanganese crust formation and microbial action catalyzes and accelerates the process.The influene of seamount structure,volcanic action and basement rocks,etc.on the formation and distribution of ferromanganese crusts,material source and formation mechanism of ferromanganese crusts are still not known perfectly.We think that the above fertilize grounds for research.Resolutions of these problems are helpful for developing the theory of methallic enrichment and metallogenic environment of ferromanganese crusts.At the same time,the development of high precision microscope and the advance of dating technology with isotopes will promote the development of these studies.
Ferromanganese crusts are some of the most potentially valuable mineral resources under seawater, and are rich in metal elements, such as Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, Pt.Due to their abundance, high potentially economic value, low exploitation venture, and low exploitation influence on the environment, they have become not able internationally. the most favorable environments for crusts to form are underwater seamounts far away from active tectonic zone formed by volcanoes and have subsided many times. their formation and distribution are related to volcanic action, seamount structure, types of basement rocks, and their weathering degree, etc. Seamounts furnish favorable environments for ferromanganese crusts to form and develop; volcanic action and weathering of basement rocks furnish rich materials for ferromanganese crust formation and microbial action catalyzes and accelerates the process. influene of seamount structure, volcanic action and basement rocks, etc.on the formation and distribution of f erromanganese crusts, material source and formation mechanism of ferromanganese crusts are still not known perfectly. We think that the above fertilize grounds for research. Resolutions of these problems are helpful for developing the theory of methallic enrichment and metallogenic environment of ferromanganese crusts. At the same time, the development of high precision microscope and the advance of dating technology with isotopes will promote the development of these studies.