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旨在应用MHC-B区域复合微卫星位点LEI0258研究华南家鸡的遗传多样性与进化历史。以华南地区和邻省家鸡及商品鸡为试验材料，对微卫星位点LEI0258进行基因分型和测序，分析其遗传多样性和构建中介网络图。结果表明，580份样品共检测到LEI0258的62个等位基因，长度范围为182～501 bp，其中37个为首次发现。华南家鸡LEI0258保持着较高的遗传多样性水平，观察杂合度、期望杂合度和多态信息含量分别为0.813、0.960和0.957。中山沙栏鸡、文昌鸡和五华三黄鸡的遗传多样性水平明显高于广西三黄鸡。LEI0258的28个等位基因与27种已知MHC血清型相对应。基于LEI0258侧翼区变异信息的中介网络图将62个等位基因分为8条进化枝，其中3条进化枝同样存在于红原鸡中，提示华南家鸡主要起源于红原鸡。部分等位基因存在于特定鸡品种中，可作为品种鉴定的参考依据。结果提示，微卫星位点LEI0258适用于地方鸡群体遗传多样性、血清型鉴定、品种鉴定和进化研究。
The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of domestic chicken in South China using LEI0258, a multiplex microsatellite locus in MHC-B region. The microsatellite locus LEI0258 was genotyped and sequenced by using domestic chicken and commercial chicken in southern China and neighboring provinces as the experimental materials. The genetic diversity and the intermediary network map were analyzed. The results showed that 62 alleles of LEI0258 were detected in 580 samples, with a length ranging from 182 to 501 bp, of which 37 were found for the first time. South China chicken LEI0258 maintained a high level of genetic diversity, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content were 0.813,0.960 and 0.957. The genetic diversity of Zhongshan Shalan chicken, Wenchang chicken and Wuhua Sanhuang chicken was significantly higher than that of Guangxi Sanhuang chicken. The 28 alleles of LEI0258 correspond to 27 known MHC serotypes. The intermediary network map based on the flanking region variation information of LEI0258 divides 62 alleles into 8 clades, of which 3 clades also exist in the red chickens, suggesting that the South Chickens mainly originate from red chickens. Some alleles exist in specific chicken breeds, which can be used as reference for breed identification. The results suggest that the microsatellite locus LEI0258 is suitable for genetic diversity, serotype identification, variety identification and evolution of local chicken populations.