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对过失相抵这一概念,在法律上没有明确的界定,因此理论界对此有不同的看法。本文认为过失相抵,是指就损害的发生或者扩大,受害人也有过失,法院可依其职权,按一定标准减轻或者免除加害人赔偿责任,从而公平合理地分配损害的一种制度。由于对过失相抵定义不同,相应地对过失相抵的理解也就不尽相同。在讨论过失相抵制度时,要注意过失相抵与其他相关概念的联系与区别,以及其在司法实践中的适用问题。通常认为过失相抵不仅适用于过错责任中,在无过错责任中若受害人具有重大过失,且加害人没有过错或者仅具有轻微过失,也可适用过失相抵。
The concept of negligence is not legally defined, so theorists have different views. This article holds that the negligence is a system of fair and reasonable distribution of damage caused by the occurrence or expansion of damage and the victim’s negligence. The court may, according to its functions and powers, abate or eliminate the liability of perpetrators according to certain standards. Due to the different definitions of negligence, the corresponding understanding of negligence is not the same. In discussing the system of negligence, we should pay attention to the connection and difference between negligence and other related concepts and their application in judicial practice. It is generally assumed that the fault of the negligence applies not only to the fault liability, but also to the negligence of negligence if the victim has gross negligence in no-fault liability and the injurer has no fault or only minor negligence.