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通过2a田间定位试验,研究渭北旱塬地区夏闲期插播并翻压不同豆科绿肥(长武怀豆、大豆和绿豆)以及小麦生长季不同施氮量(0,108,135,162 kg/hm2)对麦田土壤肥力性状的影响,以期为提高旱地土壤质量提供理论依据。试验结果表明:(1)种植豆科绿肥能显著提高土壤有机质、活性有机质和全氮含量,增加土壤碳库管理指数(CPMI),对土壤速效钾含量没有显著影响;(2)绿豆还田量高于长武怀豆和大豆,然而土壤培肥效果逊于长武怀豆和大豆;(3)夏闲期种植绿肥明显消耗了土壤水分,导致绿肥翻压前、小麦播前直至收获后,0—200 cm土壤贮水量显著低于休闲处理,但耗水量与休闲没有明显差异,由于小麦产量显著增加,因此豆科绿肥显著提高了水分生产效率;(4)与不施氮相比,小麦生长季施用氮肥能显著增加土壤水分生产效率,却对土壤各肥力性状的影响均不显著。夏闲期种植并翻压豆科绿肥是旱地培肥土壤、提高水分生产效率的有效途径。
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization (0,108,135,162 kg / hm2) on the fertility of wheat field in summer and summer in Weibei highland. In order to provide a theoretical basis for improving soil quality in dry land. The results showed that: (1) Leguminous green manure could significantly increase the contents of soil organic matter, active organic matter and total nitrogen, and increase the soil carbon inventory management index (CPMI), but had no significant effect on soil available potassium; (2) Higher than that of Changwuhuoyou and Soybean, however, the effect of soil fertility-cultivating was inferior to that of Changwuhuoxiang and Soybean; (3) The planting of green manure during the summer and leisure obviously consumed soil moisture, Soil water storage was significantly lower than that of leisure treatment, but there was no significant difference between water consumption and leisure. Because of the significant increase in wheat yield, legume green manure significantly increased water production efficiency; (4) Compared with no nitrogen application, Can significantly increase soil water production efficiency, but no significant effect on soil fertility traits. Planting and turning green leguminous green manure in summer is an effective way to fertilize the soil in dry land and improve the water production efficiency.