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天津的玉雕有着悠久的发展承传历史,在二十世纪八十年代与北京、上海、杭州一起被尊称为中国玉雕的“四大名旦”。天津特种工艺厂成立于1958年,在其兴盛时期其职工有千余人,所生产出的穿品远销海外,不仅成为了天津的创外汇大户,也成为了天津市对外开放的主要涉外单位之一。天津的玉雕有着鲜明的艺术特色,曾经获得过中国工艺美术百花奖以及国家银奖等荣誉,尤其以“路鸟”、“马踏飞燕”、“水胆玛瑙”等产品最具特色。随着国家经济体制的革新,天津特种工艺厂的发展渐趋没落,津派玉雕的发展也逐步陷入低谷。近些年来,虽然与鼎盛时期相比,天津玉雕业的发展还存在着一些差距,但是其技术和人才仍有着雄厚的基础,再者经济基础也相对充足,因此天津的玉雕行业的进一步发展和承传仍有着很好的前景。基于此,本文对津派玉雕的艺术特色和传承发展问题做相关论述,希望对未来天津的玉雕技术发展流传能够起到一定的促进作用。
The jade carving in Tianjin has a long history of development and inheritance. In the 1980s, it was honored as the “Four Famous Masters of Chinese Jade Carving” together with Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou. Tianjin Special Craft Factory was established in 1958, with more than a thousand workers and staff members in its prosperous period. Its products are not only exported to overseas, but also become the major foreign exchange-earning units in Tianjin. one. Tianjin jade carving has a distinctive artistic features, has won the Chinese Arts and Crafts Hundred Flowers Award and the National Silver Award and other honors, in particular, “road birds”, “horse riding Swallow ”, “water gall agate ” and so on The most unique product. With the reform of the national economic system, the development of Tianjin Special Craft Factory has been gradually declining, and the development of Jinpai Jade Carving has gradually fallen into a downturn. In recent years, though there are still some gaps in the development of the jade carving industry in Tianjin compared with its heyday, the technology and talents still have a solid foundation and the economic foundation is relatively adequate. Therefore, the further development of the jade carving industry in Tianjin Inheritance still has a good future. Based on this, this article discusses the artistic features and inheritance and development of Jinpai jade carving, and hopes to promote the development of Jade carving technology in Tianjin in the future.