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通过田间定位试验,研究了不同耕作方式对黄土高原西部旱农区耕层土壤肥力和酶活性的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田可以显著提高0—5和5—10 cm土层有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、铵态氮、速效磷、速效钾和3种水解酶活性;10—30 cm土层仅提高了有机质、全钾和速效钾含量,对其余各养分含量和水解酶活性并无明显影响。免耕降低了0—5、5—10和10—30 cm土层硝态氮含量,但对过氧化氢酶活性有明显促进作用。相关分析表明,土壤有机质、养分和碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性之间呈极显著相关关系。进一步应用主成分分析表明,土壤有机质、养分和水解酶活性共同反映着黄土高原雨养农区土壤肥力水平的高低。
The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different tillage practices on soil fertility and enzyme activity in arable land in western arid Loess Plateau. The results showed that straw returning to field could significantly increase the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and three hydrolytic enzymes in 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil layers. Soil layer only increased organic matter, total potassium and available potassium, but had no obvious effect on other nutrient contents and hydrolase activities. No-tillage decreased nitrate nitrogen content in 0-5, 5-10 and 10-30 cm soil layers, but significantly promoted catalase activity. Correlation analysis showed that soil organic matter, nutrients and alkaline phosphatase, invertase activity showed a significant correlation between. Further analysis by principal component analysis showed that soil organic matter, nutrients and hydrolase activity together reflect the level of soil fertility in rainfed areas of the Loess Plateau.