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采用双色荧光原位杂交技术,对栽培荞麦甜荞和苦荞有丝分裂中期染色体上的45S和5S rDNA基因物理位置进行了定位分析。结果表明,甜荞有4对45S rDNA位点,位于ⅠS、ⅡS、ⅢL、ⅤL(L和S代表长臂和短臂,罗马数字代表染色体序号,下同);2对5S rDNA位点,位于ⅠL、ⅣS。苦荞有5对45S rDNA位点,位于ⅠS、ⅡS、ⅢL、ⅤL、ⅦS;3对5S rDNA位点,位于ⅠL、ⅣS、ⅥS。甜荞与苦荞的45S和5S rDNA位点具有明显的差异,显示其起源上关系较远。依据中期染色体45S和5SrDNA位点信息及经典核型特征,可以准确鉴别甜荞与苦荞8对同源染色体。
The physical location of 45S and 5S rDNA gene on mitotic metaphase chromosomes of cultivated buckwheat and buckwheat was analyzed by two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization. The results showed that there are 4 pairs of 45S rDNA loci in S. tataricola, which are located in ⅠS, ⅡS, ⅢL and ⅤL (L and S represent long and short arms, Roman numerals represent chromosome number, the same below); 2 pairs of 5S rDNA loci Ⅰ L, Ⅳ S. Tartary buckwheat has 5 pairs of 45S rDNA sites, located in ⅠS, ⅡS, ⅢL, ⅤL, ⅦS; 3 pairs of 5S rDNA sites, located in ⅠL, ⅣS, ⅥS. There were significant differences between 45S and 5S rDNA loci in buckwheat and tartary buckwheat, indicating that they are distantly related to their origin. Based on the information of 45S and 5S rDNA loci and classical karyotype characteristics of metaphase chromosomes, 8 pairs of homologous chromosomes of sweet buckwheat and buckwheat can be accurately identified.