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目前国内较早建立的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)二代种子园正陆续进入正常开花结实期。研究马尾松二代种子园花粉散布和自由授粉子代的父本组成,可为生产上指导马尾松高世代种子园的规划设计和遗传管理提供理论依据。该文利用筛选的11对SSR引物,对马尾松二代无性系种子园内8个无性系单株的320个自由授粉子代和48个候选父本进行了扩增,并采用最大似然法对子代进行父本分析。结果表明:11个位点共检测到61个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数在2-11之间,平均为5.55个。试验亲本和子代群体的总平均观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)及多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.428、0.433和0.387。在80%的可信度水平下可为232(72.50%)个子代确定其父本。平均每个采种母树与19个父本产生子代。在自由授粉状态下,马尾松二代种子园自交率为1.72%,自交现象很弱,其交配方式以异交为主。绝大多数亲本无性系的雄性繁殖适合度在1.00%-4.00%之间,候选父本平均繁殖适合度为2.17%,平均形成5个后代。马尾松有效花粉的散布距离和固定交配距离的父本繁殖适合度均符合正态分布,两者呈极显著负相关,其主要散布距离集中在0-100m,而检测到的最大散布距离为192m。种子园花粉污染率较低,仅为4.06%。总体看来,树冠南面子代亲本交配距离较北面有增加的趋势,但树冠南、北面子代父本组成数并未表现明显的规律。
At present, the Pinus massoniana second-generation seed orchard earlier established in China is gradually entering the normal flowering and setting stage. Studying the male parent composition of pollen dispersal and free pollination progenies in the second-generation seed orchard of Masson Pine can provide a theoretical basis for the planning and design and genetic management of high-generation masson pine seed orchards in the production. In this paper, 320 randomly pollinated progenies and 48 candidate male parents of 8 clones of clonal seed orchard were cloned by screening 11 pairs of SSR primers. The maximum likelihood Paternity analysis of offspring. The results showed that 61 alleles were detected at 11 loci and the number of alleles per locus was between 2 and 11 with an average of 5.55. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphism information content (PIC) of the tested parents and offspring groups were 0.428, 0.433 and 0.387, respectively. 232 (72.50%) progeny were identified at 80% confidence level. On average, each of the seed-bearing trees and 19 paternal parents gave birth. In free pollinated state, the second-generation seed orchard Masson Pine self-bred rate of 1.72%, self-infiltration is very weak, the mating method based on outcrossing. The male reproductive fitness of the vast majority of the parental clones was between 1.00% and 4.00%. The average mating fitness of candidate male parents was 2.17%, averaging 5 offspring. Both the effective pollen dispersal distance of P. massoniana and the male reproductive adaptability of the fixed mating distance all fit the normal distribution, with a significant negative correlation between the two. The main distribution distance is 0-100 m while the maximum detection distance is 192 m . Pollen polluting rate in seed garden is relatively low, only 4.06%. Generally speaking, there is an increasing trend in the mating distance between parents of the south progeny in the crown and the north, but the number of paternal parents in the south and north of the crown did not show obvious rules.