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美国海岸线较长,内陆城市众多,目前从远东运往美国中部、南部以及各个海湾港口的集装箱货物一般都经美国内陆运输。因此,远东至美国太平洋沿岸的集装箱运输实际上已发展到经由美国太平洋沿岸港口,将集装箱货物运至美国内陆城市,特别是美国中、西部的集装箱货物均使用多式联运方式。此种运输方式替代了原来由发货人安排的货物从港口经由铁路中转至内陆城市的运输方式,对货主来说,不仅可节省运输时间,提前交付和接收货物,而且手续简便,在货运量集中时,铁路还可给予货主一定的运价优惠。本文详细分析我国对美出口贸易中经常采用的OCP,MLB和IPI运输方式,提出正确区分和使用这些运输方式应注意的事项。
The United States has a long coastline and a large number of inland cities. Currently, container freight destined for the central, southern parts of the United States and various Gulf ports from the Far East are usually inland by the United States. Therefore, the container transport from the Far East to the Pacific coast of the United States has actually evolved to use multi-modal transport of containerized goods to the hinterland of the United States via the ports of the United States Pacific Ocean, especially in the middle and west parts of the United States. This mode of transport to replace the original arrangement by the consignor of goods from the port via rail transit to inland cities of transport, for the owner, not only can save transport time, advance delivery and receipt of goods, and the formalities are simple, in the freight Concentration, the railway can also give the owner a certain tariff concessions. This article analyzes in detail the OCP, MLB and IPI modes of transport that are commonly used in China’s export trade with the United States, and points out the issues that should be paid attention to in order to correctly distinguish and use these modes of transport.