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目的：标准化死亡率比（ＳＭＲ）在流行病学中应用十分广泛，本文对ＳＭＲ的可比性作了详细探讨，以便广大医学工作者正确使用。方法：从ＳＭＲ的定义出发，阐述了ＳＭＲ的实质，结果：指出目前使用ＳＭＲ常见的误解和误用，明确指出了ＳＭＲ存在可比性的条件，并探讨了ＳＭＲ不可比时的处理方法。结论：强调在使用ＳＭＲ作比较时，其标准组的选择应以满足可比条件为原则，而不拘泥于用全国或全省的资料为标准。
Objective: The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) is widely used in epidemiology. This article discusses the comparability of SMR in detail so that the majority of medical workers can use it correctly. Methods: From the definition of SMR, the essence of SMR was expounded. The results: pointed out the common misunderstandings and misuses of SMR, clearly pointed out the comparability of SMR, and discussed the treatment methods when SMR could not be compared. Conclusion: Emphasis on the use of SMR for comparison, the selection of its standard group should be based on the principle of satisfying comparable conditions, not rigidly adhere to the national or provincial data as the standard.