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为了明确生育后期氮肥用量对寒地水稻产量和品质性状的影响,利用多蘖轻穗型品种空育131和少蘖重穗型品种龙粳21为材料,设置3个用氮水平及4个基蘖肥与穗粒肥用氮比例,研究了基蘖肥与穗粒肥用氮比例对寒地水稻产量和品质性状的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,2个品种的产量有所升高,但不同施氮量间差异不显著;空育131的基蘖肥与穗粒肥施用比例为8∶2时产量最高,而龙粳21在7∶3时产量最高。空育131获得高产的原因是群体穗数增多,而龙粳21是每穗粒数增加,从而使群体颖花量增加,产量增加。全生育期用氮总量增加使2个品种的整精米率显著提高、蛋白质含量明显上升,而使精米白度降低,淀粉糊化特性变劣。中低用氮水平间在出糙率、精米白度、直链淀粉和食味评分等米质指标上差异不明显。生育后期穗粒肥用氮比例提高使2个品种的整精米率、蛋白质含量显著增加,而使精米白度降低,淀粉糊化特性变差,对直链淀粉含量影响不大。因此,寒地水稻生产栽培管理中,在适宜的氮肥用量(<138 kg/hm~2)前提下,控制一定的穗粒肥用氮比例(<30%),可以实现高产优质水稻生产。
In order to clarify the effect of nitrogen application rate on the yield and quality traits of rice in the cold area in the later growing stage, we constructed three nitrogen-level and four-base The ratio of nitrogen fertilizer between tillering fertilizer and ear fertilizer was used to study the effect of the ratio of base fertilizer to ear fertilizer on the yield and quality of rice in cold region. The results showed that the yield of two cultivars increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but the difference of nitrogen application rate was not significant. The highest yield was produced when the ratio of base tiller fertilizer to ear grain fertilizer was up to 8: 2 , While Longjing 21 produced the highest yield at 7: 3. The reason for the high yield of Kongyu 131 was that the number of panicles increased, while the number of grains per panicle of Longjing 21 increased, which resulted in the increase of population spikelets and the increase of yield. During the whole growth period, the total N rate increased significantly with the increase of total nitrogen, the protein content increased obviously, while the whiteness of polished rice decreased and the starch gelatinization characteristics deteriorated. Middle and low levels of nitrogen in the roughness, polished whiteness, amylose and taste scores and other quality indicators are not obvious. In the later growth stage, the percentage of grains and fertilizer increased with the increase of nitrogen, which led to a significant increase of whole rice yield and protein content of the two cultivars, which led to the decrease of whiteness of polished rice and deterioration of starch gelatinization, but had little effect on amylose content. Therefore, it is possible to achieve high-yield and high-quality rice production by controlling the proportion of nitrogen (<30%) for some grains of grain-spike fertilizer under the condition of appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer (<138 kg / hm ~ 2)