目的了解小学生身体攻击、言语攻击的发展趋势,为心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用班级戏剧问卷和同伴提名方法收集资料,选取呼和浩特小学二年级学生为研究对象,连续追踪观察4 a。采用SPSS 16.0进行统计分析。结果男生的身体攻击从二到三年级有下降趋势,三到六年级保持平稳;女生的身体攻击从二到三年级有上升趋势,三到六年级保持平稳。身体攻击在二年级时男生显著高于女生,三至六年级男、女生之间差异无统计学意义。言语攻击不存在年级和性别差异。同一年级学生的身体攻击与言语攻击之间差异无统计学意义。早期表现出高攻击行为的女生在后期仍有稳定的攻击行为出现;早期的身体攻击能预测后期的身体攻击和言语攻击,早期的言语攻击能预测后期的身体攻击。结论男、女生身体攻击发展趋势不同,言语攻击发展趋势无差异。早期表现出高攻击行为的女生在后期攻击行为一直比较稳定,早期的身体攻击比言语攻击对后期攻击行为的预测力更强。 Objective To understand the development trend of body attacks and verbal attacks on pupils and to provide basis for mental health education. Methods The class drama questionnaire and companion nomination method were used to collect data. The second grade students of Hohhot Primary School were selected as the research object and followed up continuously for 4 years. Using SPSS 16.0 for statistical analysis. As a result, the physical attacks on boys decreased from the second to third grades and remained stable in the third to sixth grades. The physical attacks on girls increased from the second to third grades and remained stable in the third to sixth grades. There was no significant difference between male and female students in the third to sixth grade when the body attack was significantly higher than that of the boys in the second grade. Speech attacks do not have grade and gender differences. There was no significant difference between body attacks and verbal attacks in the same grade of students. In the early stage, girls who showed high aggressive behaviors still had steady attacks. Early body attacks predicted late body attacks and verbal attacks. Early speech attacks predicted late body attacks. Conclusions The development trend of body attacks in boys and girls is different, and there is no difference in the development trend of speech attacks. Girls who showed high aggression early had a relatively steady post-attack behavior, and earlier body attacks had more predictive power on post-attack than verbal attacks.