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旱灾不是所有自然灾害中发生频率最高、等级最重,却是受灾人数最多、影响范围最广的一种自然灾害。旱灾的缓发性、后延性、复杂性特征,容易引发饥荒、贫困、政治冲突甚至社会动荡等风险,故旱灾的风险管理日益成为一个国家自然灾害管理或社会管理的重要内容。传统的“危机管理”模式对旱灾等自然灾害管理的作用有限,“综合风险防范”模式具有很好的发展前景。目前,中国的旱灾风险管理采用救助式管理模式,应对有余,防范不足。以HFA框架和国际减灾战略(ISDR)所提倡的“减轻灾害风险,降低社会脆弱性”为宗旨,对旱灾等自然灾害风险进行综合防范,使之成为国家社会管理的重要部分,乃是确保农业丰产丰收,促进社会经济发展,维护国家长治久安的一项历史责任。
Drought is not the most frequent and highest level of all natural disasters. However, it is the most affected and most affected natural disaster. The slow, ductile and complex characteristics of drought easily lead to risks such as famine, poverty, political conflicts and even social unrest. Therefore, the risk management of drought is increasingly becoming an important part of a country’s natural disaster management or social management. The traditional “crisis management” mode plays a limited role in the management of natural disasters such as drought, and the “comprehensive risk prevention” mode has good prospects for development. At present, drought relief management in China adopts a rescue-management approach to deal with the problems and provide adequate solutions. With the aim of “reducing disaster risk and reducing social vulnerability” advocated by the HFA framework and the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR), it is necessary to comprehensively guard against the risk of natural disasters such as drought and make it an important part of state social management. To ensure a productive harvest of agriculture, promote social and economic development, and safeguard the long-term peace and stability of the country as a historical responsibility.