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对镍白铜合金废料进行直接低电流密度电解回收,考察了电解液温度、电流密度、明胶浓度对阴极铜纯度和表面质量的影响.结果表明,一定范围内电解液温度升高阴极过电势降低,铜离子扩散速度加快,阴极表面铜离子缺乏程度缓和,阴极铜结晶细化;在Cu~(2+)浓度45 g/L、H_2SO_4浓度180 g/L、电流密度100 A/m2的条件下,48 h内电流密度小于极限电流密度的0.1倍,电解区域处于塔费尔控制区,阴极铜产品平整光滑;控制明胶浓度40 mg/L、电解液温度60℃和电流密度100 A/m2时,镍白铜废料直接电解所得阴极铜纯度达99.98%,表面平整韧性良好,阳极残极率为17%~19%,铜回收率达98.6%.
The effects of electrolyte temperature, current density and gelatin concentration on the purity and surface quality of copper cathode were investigated.The results show that the cathode overpotential decreases with the increase of electrolyte temperature in a certain range, Under the condition of Cu 2+ concentration of 45 g / L, H 2 SO 4 concentration of 180 g / L and current density of 100 A / m 2, the diffusion rate of copper ions was accelerated and the copper ion deficiency on the cathode surface was alleviated. The current density in 48 h is less than 0.1 times of the limit current density, the electrolysis area is in the Tafel control area and the cathode copper product is smooth and smooth. When the gelatin concentration is 40 mg / L, the electrolyte temperature is 60 ℃ and the current density is 100 A / m2, The purity of cathode copper obtained by direct electrolysis of nickel white copper scrap is up to 99.98%, and the surface flatness and toughness are good. The anode residue rate is 17% -19% and the copper recovery rate is 98.6%.