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成语,一般是四个字的固定结构(也有少数例外).照理说,固定结构是没有什么变异的;但是,人们在使用成语时,往往又有其灵活性,从而使成语在结构上有了灵活性,具体表现为,一、可以颠倒,二、可以镶嵌。举例略述如下: 甲、可以颠倒。一、联合结构式的成语,特别是联合的主谓结构式,可以颠倒使用.如: 天翻地覆→地覆天翻花香鸟语→鸟语花香类似例子很多,从略。但有两种情况,不能颠倒: (一)由于有尊卑、先后之分,不能颠倒。如“妻离子散”,不能说成“子散妻离”。“日积月累”,不能说成“月累日积”。 (二)具有因果关系的,不能颠倒。如“水滴石穿”,是因水滴而使石穿,不能颠倒成为“石穿水滴”。二、联合动宾式的成语,有的可以颠倒使用,颠倒后语法结构不变。如:
Idioms, usually four-character fixed structures (with a few exceptions), arguably do not have any variation in the fixed structure; however, people often have the flexibility to use idioms so that the idioms are structured Flexibility, the concrete manifestation is, one can be reversed, two, can be inlaid. An example is as follows: A, can be reversed. First, the joint structural idioms, especially the combined subject and predicate structure, can be used upside down, such as: overwhelming → over the sky over the flowers of birds → flowers similar to many examples, omitted. However, there are two kinds of circumstances that can not be reversed: (1) Due to the superiority and inferiority, one can not be reversed. Such as “wife and son scattered,” can not be said to be “child-separated wife away.” “Over time”, can not be said to be “tired day product.” (B) has a causal relationship, can not be reversed. Such as “water droplets wear stone”, because of water droplets and stone wear, can not be reversed as “stone wear water droplets.” Second, the joint dynamic idioms, and some can be used upside down, the grammatical structure reversed after the change. Such as: