Liver transplantation was developed for the treatment of hepatic failure, and the first human liver transplantation was done in 1963. From the 1990 s,liver transplantation was generally accepted as a treatment modality for both end-stage liver disease and selected liver malignancies. Initially, liver transplantation was started with deceased donor whole-size liver transplantation (whole-size LT) as in other organ transplantation, but there is now a shortage of deceased liver donors has occurred. As a solution, deceased donor split liver transplantation (split LT) began in 1989 and living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in the early 1990 s. Current liver transplantation techniques include whole-size LT, reduced-size liver transplantation (reduced-size LT), split LT and single or dual LDLT. Two donors give a part of their livers to one adult recipient simultaneously in dual LDLT.