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目的分析药物不良反应(ADR)发生的特点和规律,为临床合理用药提供参考,减少药物ADR的发生。方法对2014—2015年江苏省苏北人民医院上报的1052例ADR报告进行研究,通过分析发生ADR患者的性别、年龄、给药途径、药物种类、临床表现、科室分布等资料,总结药物ADR发生的特点和规律。结果 1052例ADR中男576例(54.75%),女476例(45.25%)。60岁以上ADR患者比例最高,占45.91%。静脉给药发生ADR的比例高于其他给药方式,达90.78%。抗肿瘤药物、中药制剂、抗生素是发生ADR最多的3类药物,共占76.52%。ADR所致的临床表现中皮疹的发生率最高,占34.79%;其次为骨髓抑制,占32.79%;再次为消化道反应,占15.40%。呼吸科ADR上报比例最高,占27.95%。结论本院ADR具有一定特点,在今后临床工作中要对本研究提示的高危人群、高危药物种类、高危科室加强ADR监管,权衡用药利弊,正确了解药物在体内吸收、分布、代谢及排泄的药理过程;分析药物因素、机体生理因素,重视药物的合理应用,以避免或减少ADR的发生。
Objective To analyze the characteristics and rules of adverse drug reaction (ADR) and provide a reference for clinical rational drug use to reduce the occurrence of drug ADR. Methods A total of 1052 cases of ADR reported by Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province during 2014-2015 were studied. ADR patients’ gender, age, route of administration, type of drug, clinical manifestations and departmental distribution were analyzed to summarize the occurrence of ADR The characteristics and laws. Results Among 1052 ADRs, 576 were male (54.75%) and 476 (45.25%) were female. The highest proportion of ADR patients over the age of 60, accounting for 45.91%. ADR rate of intravenous administration than other modes of administration, up to 90.78%. Antitumor drugs, traditional Chinese medicine preparations, antibiotics is the most ADR occurs in three types of drugs, accounting for 76.52%. The incidence of rash in clinical manifestations caused by ADR was the highest (34.79%), followed by bone marrow suppression (32.79%) and again the gastrointestinal reaction (15.40%). Respiratory department reported the highest proportion of ADR, accounting for 27.95%. Conclusion ADR in our hospital has certain characteristics. In the future clinical work, we should strengthen the supervision of ADR in the high-risk groups, high-risk drugs and high-risk departments suggested in this study, and weigh the advantages and disadvantages of medication, and correctly understand the pharmacological process of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs ; Analysis of drug factors, physiological factors, attention to the rational use of drugs to avoid or reduce the occurrence of ADR.