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基于1999—2013年全国30个省(市、自治区)的面板数据,从生产要素市场化视角出发,重点探索了金融(资本)、劳动力和土地的市场化水平对城乡居民收入差距的影响及其作用机理。研究发现:1)全国层面,金融市场化水平提升会扩大城乡收入差距,劳动力市场化的作用不明显,土地市场化有利于缩小城乡收入差距。2)分时段和分区域的差异化分析表明,3种要素的市场化在1999—2007和2008—2013这2个时段的影响存在时段差异性、对东部和中西部的影响存在区域差异性。3)进一步的机理分析发现,金融市场化和劳动力市场化水平的提升能够有效提升城镇居民收入水平,土地市场化和劳动力市场化则是农村居民收入增长的推动因素。基于上述发现,提出了针对性的政策建议。
Based on the panel data of 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China from 1999 to 2013, this paper mainly explores the impact of the marketization level of finance (capital), labor force and land on the income gap between urban and rural residents and its Mechanism of action. The findings are as follows: 1) At the national level, the enhancement of financial marketization will expand the income gap between urban and rural areas. The role of labor market will not be obvious. Marketization of land will help narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. 2) Differentiation analysis of sub-regions and sub-regions shows that the marketization of the three components has the difference of time periods in the two periods of 1999-2007 and 2008-2013, and there are regional differences in the impact on the eastern and central and western regions. 3) Further mechanistic analysis shows that the enhancement of financial marketization and labor market level can effectively raise the income level of urban residents. The marketization of land and the marketization of labor market are the driving factors for rural resident income growth. Based on the above findings, we propose targeted policy recommendations.