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（1.Law School， Southwest University for NationalitiesChengdu，Sichuan，610041，China;
2. Environmental Protection Bureau of Danba County， Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture，Sichuan， China）
JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY， VOL. 6， NO.4， 85-90， 2015 （CN51-1731/C， in Chinese）
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-9391.2015.04.12
Abstract：
I.An Inclusive Relationship between Innovation in the Model of Social Governance and
Taking Part in the Right to Participation
Compared with the traditional patterns of social management， the concept of the model of social governance proposed in the new age has distinctive differences.Firstly， the subject of the two is different.Secondly， the relationship with the subjects differs.Thirdly， the path for realizing the peoples will is different.Fourthly， the mode of operation is different.Fifthly，the aspect of content and the path concerning public services is different. Sixthly， with regard to solving social contradictions， social management is government-centrist or government-oriented. However， social governance pattern stresses the formation of a balance between social orientation and individual right orientation in the aspect of the market rule and legal system.
II. Innovations in the Model of Social Governance in Tibetan Area Need to Consider the Requirement of the Tibetan Masses Taking Part in the Right to Participation
Social governance in Tibetan areas has been an important topic of system development of the states structural reform of our country. Following the prosperity of the Tibetan economy，the gradual opening of external contacts， and the popularization of modern communication technology（such as internet）， the implementation of ethnic policies and the ethnic regional autonomous system is facing new situations and problems. Hence， innovation within the model of social governance is also necessary for governance in Tibetan areas.
With the guidance of the “reform and opening up policy”， the Tibetan areas have selected a development path on which the politics， economics， culture， society and ecology are considered comprehensively.The right of participation has gradually become one of the expectations， or even an action of the Tibetan masses， and it has become one of elements which influences innovation in social governance in the Tibetan areas. Hence， it should be noted highly while making innovations in the model of social governance in Tibetan areas. III.The Role of the Tibetan Masses in Danba in Taking Part in the Right to Participation in the Innovations made by the Danba County Government to the model of Social Governance
Danba county is located in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan province. The majority of the people are Tibetan. In recent years， the concrete practice of taking part in the right to participation in Danba county by the Tibetan masses indicates that the Tibetan peoples right to participation has played an clear role in pushing forward innovation in the model of social governance in the Danba county government.
1）The Danba Tibetan peoples taking part in the “right to participation” has enriched the subjects within the innovation of the model of social governance in Danba county.
In addition to enhancing the improvements within its traditional petitions system， Danba county has added application via the internet.It has established a chanel for “public participation”， and an exchange platform on the governmental website， so that it can receive and respond to the needs， complaints and suggesttions of the Tibetan masses. This ensures that the Tibetan masses， wherever they are， can participate in the activities aimed at innovating the model of social governance in Danba county. This plays an objective role in pushing the innovations in Danba countys model of social governance towards a direction with multiple subjects.
2）The Right of the Tibetan masses in Danba county to participate is the driving force of innovation in Danba countys model of social governance in Tibetan areas.
The right to participation of Danbas Tibetan masses enables the Danba county government to have a more efficient drivingforce for making innovations within the model for social governance from the aspect of economic construction and development. The new institutions formed from these innovations released the Tibetan masses subjective vitality， stimulated their enthusiasm， and promoted their capacity for self-development. Moreover， it is easier for the government and the Tibetan masses to reach agreement， and form a cooperative force. As a result， the economic development of Danba county can be further accelerated.
This active participation and practice has transformed the Danba county government into a new model of innovation for the development and construction of tourist resources. Firstly， it has innovate the institution of the diversification of the construction of subjectivity. Secondly， it has innovate the institution of exploitation and construction. Thirdly， it has innovate the measures for keeping harmonious cooperative relations. The participation of the Tibetan masses has played a decisive role in pushing the government to innovate a cooperative relationship among the government， enterprises and villagers while developing the tourist project. 3）The Danba Tibetan peoples taking part in the right to participation promoted Danba county governments innovative handling of social contradictions.
Prompted by the Tibetan villagers various activities of participation， the Danba county government and various township administrations established a benefit compensation negotiation mechanism in which the Tibetan villagers participated. During the process of negotiation， the Tibetan villagers had the chance to express their own ideas on the construction project; the government and the construction organization had the opportunity to listen to the ideas of the Tibetan villagers. Both sides exchanged their ideas during the process of listening and negotiation. As a result， the interests of the nation， the collective and the individuals were taken into concern effectively. The looming conflicts were resolved through negotiation. The action of involving a third party in the negotiation system of the two contradicted sides was another innovation in the institution of social governance. It reflects the spirit initiated by the model of social governance，， including negotiation， rule of raw， being open and transparent， etc. This is a successful case where the Danba county government made innovations to the model of social governance based upon the Tibetan peoples participating in preserving their own interests.
In summary，the Danba Tibetan peoples taking part in the right to participation has provided driving forces， opportunities，conditions and resources for the innovation of an interactive system within the model of social governance. It has encouraged the innovation of the vitality of multiple subjects， the innovation of cooperation and negotiation， the innovation of an open and transparent system， and the innovation of legal mechanisms. It subjectively and objectively provides the environment and conditions for handling various social contradictions and social problems through enhancing the contact and communication between the government and the masses. It also respects the differences of the Tibetan people and retains their diversity. Thus， the stability， harmony and development in the Tibetan areas have been effectively maintained. The Tibetan peoples taking part in the right of participation has played an active role in the innovations of social governance in Tibetan areas. The representative cases in Danba inspire us to understand that taking part in the right of participation together with innovation within the model of social governance can have a positive interactive effect， and that taking part in the right of participation is an active factor for innovation within the model of social governance pattern. Key Words： Tibetan people; participation right; social governance pattern; interaction
References：
Chi Yuhua.dangdai zangqu shehui feceng yu shehui liudong wenti—yi gansu zangqu weili（Social Stratification and Social Flow in Modern Tibetan Area—Taking Tibetan Area in Gansu as a Case Study），In Gansu Social Sciences，2012（1）.
Huang Wei. zangzu nongmin xiangyou zhengzhi quanli de weiguan shizheng yanjiu（A Study on the Tibetan Farmers Enjoying fo Political Right）， In Journal of Ethnology，2012（3）.
Lang Weiwei，Huangwei， Zhang Pu.jiarong zangzu nongye shehui bianqian—daduhe shangyou shengcun nongmin quanli xiangyou de renleixue kaocha（Social Change of Jiarong Tibetan—An Anthropological Investigation on The Right of the Farmers in Shen Village）， Beijing：minzu chubanshe，2014.
Li Liguo. chuanxin shehui zhili tizhi（Innovation of the Social Governance System），In Seeking Truth，2013（24）.
Wang Chunyan.shuhui zhili yu shehui guanli you sanda qubie（Three Differences Between Social Governance and Social Management）， In Newsletter of Chinese Social Sciences，2014-03-21.
Wang Zhuolong.shaoshu minzu gongmin yishi yu zangqu zhili de wenhua lujing（Ethnic Minorities Civic Awareness and Cultural Path in Governance of the Tibetan Area），In Qinghai Law Stuides，2009（2）.
Yang Gang， Lu Cairong.shehui zhili chuanxin zhong de duoyuan zhuti wenti fenxi（An Analysis on the Multi-subjectivity in the Innovation of Social Governance），In Journal of Dali College，2014（9）.
Ye Bifeng.renquan， canzhengquan yu guojia zhuquan（Human Right， Political Participation Right and State Sovereignty）， In Law Studies，2005（3）.
2. Environmental Protection Bureau of Danba County， Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture，Sichuan， China）
JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY， VOL. 6， NO.4， 85-90， 2015 （CN51-1731/C， in Chinese）
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-9391.2015.04.12
Abstract：
I.An Inclusive Relationship between Innovation in the Model of Social Governance and
Taking Part in the Right to Participation
Compared with the traditional patterns of social management， the concept of the model of social governance proposed in the new age has distinctive differences.Firstly， the subject of the two is different.Secondly， the relationship with the subjects differs.Thirdly， the path for realizing the peoples will is different.Fourthly， the mode of operation is different.Fifthly，the aspect of content and the path concerning public services is different. Sixthly， with regard to solving social contradictions， social management is government-centrist or government-oriented. However， social governance pattern stresses the formation of a balance between social orientation and individual right orientation in the aspect of the market rule and legal system.
II. Innovations in the Model of Social Governance in Tibetan Area Need to Consider the Requirement of the Tibetan Masses Taking Part in the Right to Participation
Social governance in Tibetan areas has been an important topic of system development of the states structural reform of our country. Following the prosperity of the Tibetan economy，the gradual opening of external contacts， and the popularization of modern communication technology（such as internet）， the implementation of ethnic policies and the ethnic regional autonomous system is facing new situations and problems. Hence， innovation within the model of social governance is also necessary for governance in Tibetan areas.
With the guidance of the “reform and opening up policy”， the Tibetan areas have selected a development path on which the politics， economics， culture， society and ecology are considered comprehensively.The right of participation has gradually become one of the expectations， or even an action of the Tibetan masses， and it has become one of elements which influences innovation in social governance in the Tibetan areas. Hence， it should be noted highly while making innovations in the model of social governance in Tibetan areas. III.The Role of the Tibetan Masses in Danba in Taking Part in the Right to Participation in the Innovations made by the Danba County Government to the model of Social Governance
Danba county is located in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan province. The majority of the people are Tibetan. In recent years， the concrete practice of taking part in the right to participation in Danba county by the Tibetan masses indicates that the Tibetan peoples right to participation has played an clear role in pushing forward innovation in the model of social governance in the Danba county government.
1）The Danba Tibetan peoples taking part in the “right to participation” has enriched the subjects within the innovation of the model of social governance in Danba county.
In addition to enhancing the improvements within its traditional petitions system， Danba county has added application via the internet.It has established a chanel for “public participation”， and an exchange platform on the governmental website， so that it can receive and respond to the needs， complaints and suggesttions of the Tibetan masses. This ensures that the Tibetan masses， wherever they are， can participate in the activities aimed at innovating the model of social governance in Danba county. This plays an objective role in pushing the innovations in Danba countys model of social governance towards a direction with multiple subjects.
2）The Right of the Tibetan masses in Danba county to participate is the driving force of innovation in Danba countys model of social governance in Tibetan areas.
The right to participation of Danbas Tibetan masses enables the Danba county government to have a more efficient drivingforce for making innovations within the model for social governance from the aspect of economic construction and development. The new institutions formed from these innovations released the Tibetan masses subjective vitality， stimulated their enthusiasm， and promoted their capacity for self-development. Moreover， it is easier for the government and the Tibetan masses to reach agreement， and form a cooperative force. As a result， the economic development of Danba county can be further accelerated.
This active participation and practice has transformed the Danba county government into a new model of innovation for the development and construction of tourist resources. Firstly， it has innovate the institution of the diversification of the construction of subjectivity. Secondly， it has innovate the institution of exploitation and construction. Thirdly， it has innovate the measures for keeping harmonious cooperative relations. The participation of the Tibetan masses has played a decisive role in pushing the government to innovate a cooperative relationship among the government， enterprises and villagers while developing the tourist project. 3）The Danba Tibetan peoples taking part in the right to participation promoted Danba county governments innovative handling of social contradictions.
Prompted by the Tibetan villagers various activities of participation， the Danba county government and various township administrations established a benefit compensation negotiation mechanism in which the Tibetan villagers participated. During the process of negotiation， the Tibetan villagers had the chance to express their own ideas on the construction project; the government and the construction organization had the opportunity to listen to the ideas of the Tibetan villagers. Both sides exchanged their ideas during the process of listening and negotiation. As a result， the interests of the nation， the collective and the individuals were taken into concern effectively. The looming conflicts were resolved through negotiation. The action of involving a third party in the negotiation system of the two contradicted sides was another innovation in the institution of social governance. It reflects the spirit initiated by the model of social governance，， including negotiation， rule of raw， being open and transparent， etc. This is a successful case where the Danba county government made innovations to the model of social governance based upon the Tibetan peoples participating in preserving their own interests.
In summary，the Danba Tibetan peoples taking part in the right to participation has provided driving forces， opportunities，conditions and resources for the innovation of an interactive system within the model of social governance. It has encouraged the innovation of the vitality of multiple subjects， the innovation of cooperation and negotiation， the innovation of an open and transparent system， and the innovation of legal mechanisms. It subjectively and objectively provides the environment and conditions for handling various social contradictions and social problems through enhancing the contact and communication between the government and the masses. It also respects the differences of the Tibetan people and retains their diversity. Thus， the stability， harmony and development in the Tibetan areas have been effectively maintained. The Tibetan peoples taking part in the right of participation has played an active role in the innovations of social governance in Tibetan areas. The representative cases in Danba inspire us to understand that taking part in the right of participation together with innovation within the model of social governance can have a positive interactive effect， and that taking part in the right of participation is an active factor for innovation within the model of social governance pattern. Key Words： Tibetan people; participation right; social governance pattern; interaction
References：
Chi Yuhua.dangdai zangqu shehui feceng yu shehui liudong wenti—yi gansu zangqu weili（Social Stratification and Social Flow in Modern Tibetan Area—Taking Tibetan Area in Gansu as a Case Study），In Gansu Social Sciences，2012（1）.
Huang Wei. zangzu nongmin xiangyou zhengzhi quanli de weiguan shizheng yanjiu（A Study on the Tibetan Farmers Enjoying fo Political Right）， In Journal of Ethnology，2012（3）.
Lang Weiwei，Huangwei， Zhang Pu.jiarong zangzu nongye shehui bianqian—daduhe shangyou shengcun nongmin quanli xiangyou de renleixue kaocha（Social Change of Jiarong Tibetan—An Anthropological Investigation on The Right of the Farmers in Shen Village）， Beijing：minzu chubanshe，2014.
Li Liguo. chuanxin shehui zhili tizhi（Innovation of the Social Governance System），In Seeking Truth，2013（24）.
Wang Chunyan.shuhui zhili yu shehui guanli you sanda qubie（Three Differences Between Social Governance and Social Management）， In Newsletter of Chinese Social Sciences，2014-03-21.
Wang Zhuolong.shaoshu minzu gongmin yishi yu zangqu zhili de wenhua lujing（Ethnic Minorities Civic Awareness and Cultural Path in Governance of the Tibetan Area），In Qinghai Law Stuides，2009（2）.
Yang Gang， Lu Cairong.shehui zhili chuanxin zhong de duoyuan zhuti wenti fenxi（An Analysis on the Multi-subjectivity in the Innovation of Social Governance），In Journal of Dali College，2014（9）.
Ye Bifeng.renquan， canzhengquan yu guojia zhuquan（Human Right， Political Participation Right and State Sovereignty）， In Law Studies，2005（3）.