线粒体基因组(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)是细胞能量生成的场所。分析显示mtDNA突变通过影响线粒体的氧化应激、能量代谢等方面而参与各种心血管疾病的发生、发展。通过对mtDNA的进一步研究有助于为心血管疾病寻找病因和有效的治疗提供新思路和理论基础。文章简述mtDNA的遗传学特征以及mtDNA突变与心血管疾病(如高血压病、冠心病、心肌病、心律失常等)的关系。 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a place where cells generate energy. Analysis showed that mtDNA mutations involved in the occurrence and development of various cardiovascular diseases by affecting mitochondrial oxidative stress and energy metabolism. Further research on mtDNA will help to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for finding the cause of cardiovascular disease and effective treatment. The article briefly described the genetic characteristics of mtDNA and mtDNA mutations and cardiovascular disease (such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, etc.) relationship.