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目的了解“5.12”地震后3年绵阳市卫生防疫工作措施与效果,旨在确保大灾之后三年无大疫的控制目标。方法搜集、整理绵阳震后传染病疫情资料及卫生防疫工作相关报表与专题调查及报告,提出相关卫生防疫措施:整合资源、统筹指挥,卫生防疫工作覆盖到村;规范应急处置,统一技术方案;加强环境卫生治理和消杀防疫,消除病媒生物性疾病隐患;防止食源性疾病与食物中毒发生,严格食品卫生监督监测;保证灾区饮水安全,加强现场监测与实验室检测相结合;加快能力恢复,注重疫情监测报告与分析;加强应急接种,建立有效免疫屏障;积极开展健康教育,普及灾后卫生防病知识,开展灾民安置点及学校卫生督导检查,控制群体危险因素发生;开展病媒生物监测,防止媒介生物孳生,研究“5.12”地震后3年绵阳市卫生防疫工作状况,分析卫生防疫工作效果。结果由于卫生防疫工作应对措施得当,灾区卫生状况得到明显改善,截止2011年1月未发生甲类传染病及暴发疫情和突发公共卫生事件,乙、丙类传染病报告发病率(24.0938/10万)较地震前(2008年)同期水平(29.1069/10万)下降了17.22%。结论 5.12地震后绵阳市卫生防疫工作措施,科学有效,处置有力,确保了大灾之后3年无大疫的控制目标,对特大自然灾害后的卫生防疫工作有较大的指导意义和参考价值。
Objective To understand the measures and effects of health and epidemic prevention in Mianyang City 3 years after the May 12 earthquake and aim to ensure that there is no control target for the epidemic in the three years after the disaster. Methods To collect and arrange the epidemiological data of epidemics and the epidemic prevention and quarantine work after the earthquake in Mianyang, the relevant reports and special investigations and reports were put forward, and relevant health and epidemic prevention measures were put forward: integrating resources, coordinating with the command and covering the village with health and epidemic prevention work; standardizing emergency measures and unifying technical solutions; Strengthen environmental sanitation governance and eliminate epidemic prevention and elimination of potential risks of vector bio-disease; prevent food-borne diseases and food poisoning, strictly monitor and supervise food hygiene; ensure drinking water safety in quake-hit areas; enhance on-site monitoring and laboratory testing; speed up capacity Restore and pay attention to the report and analysis of epidemic situation monitoring; strengthen emergency vaccination and establish an effective immune barrier; actively carry out health education, popularize knowledge of post-disaster health and disease prevention, carry out disaster victims’ resettlement sites and school health supervision and inspection, control the occurrence of group risk factors, Monitoring, to prevent the breeding of vector organisms, research “5.12” Mianyang City after 3 earthquake health epidemic prevention work status, analysis of the effectiveness of health and epidemic prevention. Results As the health and epidemic prevention measures were properly implemented, the health conditions in the affected areas were significantly improved. As of January 2011, there was no epidemic of Category A and no public health emergencies. The reported incidence of Category B and C infectious diseases was 24.0938 / 10 Million) decreased by 17.22% over the same period prior to the earthquake (29.1069 / 100,000). Conclusion After the 5.12 earthquake, the measures of health and epidemic prevention in Mianyang City were scientifically effective and well disposed to ensure that there was no control target of major epidemic in the three years after the catastrophe, which has great guiding significance and reference value to the health and epidemic prevention work after the catastrophic natural disasters.