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以上海市中心城区典型排水区域为研究对象,基于SWMM模型连续模拟2009—2011年降雨径流,分析区域235场降雨及地表径流特征.结果表明:该区域发生频率较高的降雨具有雨量小、强度低的特点,雨量为0~10 mm、平均降雨强度为0~5 mm·h~(-1)、降雨峰值为0~10 mm·h~(-1)的降雨发生频率最大,分别占所有研究降雨场次的66.4%、88.8%和79.6%,这对于该区域应用低影响开发措施削减小雨量或低强度降雨下的径流和面源污染具有重要意义;径流量总体随着降雨量增大而增大,区域降雨产流临界值不仅与降雨量有关,还与平均降雨强度和降雨历时有关,2 mm以下的降雨基本不产流;2~4 mm的降雨如降雨强度在1.6mm·h~(-1)以下,产流量不到1 mm,当降雨量在4 mm以上、平均降雨强度大于1.6 mm·h~(-1)时,区域基本产流.基于SWMM径流模拟结果,建立适合该区域的径流量与降雨因子的回归方程,其调整R2均大于0.97,能较好反映该区域径流量与降雨因子的关系.研究结果可为该区域更好地规划低影响开发措施和削减排水系统溢流污染提供计算基础,并为类似区域的径流研究提供参考.
Based on SWMM model, the runoff from 2009 to 2011 was continuously simulated and the characteristics of rainfall and surface runoff in 235 areas were analyzed.The results show that the rainfall with high frequency in this area has the characteristics of low rainfall, Low rainfall, the rainfall was 0 ~ 10 mm, the average rainfall intensity was 0 ~ 5 mm · h ~ (-1), and the precipitation peaked at 0 ~ 10 mm · h ~ (-1) Research on 66.4%, 88.8% and 79.6% of rainfall events is of great importance for the application of low-impact development measures in this area to reduce runoff and non-point source pollution under low rainfall or low intensity rainfall. With the increase of rainfall, The critical value of regional rainfall runoff is not only related to rainfall but also related to the average rainfall intensity and rainfall duration. The rainfall below 2 mm basically does not produce any rainfall. For rainfall of 2-4 mm, such as rainfall intensity of 1.6 mm · h- (-1), the runoff is less than 1 mm, and when the rainfall is above 4 mm and the average rainfall intensity is more than 1.6 mm · h -1, the basic runoff in the region is established. Based on the SWMM runoff simulation results, Regression equation of regional runoff and rainfall factors, the adjustment R2 are greater than 0.97 , Which can better reflect the relationship between runoff and rainfall factors in this region.The results of this study can provide a basis for better planning of low-impact development measures and reducing overflow pollution in drainage areas in this region and provide references for the study of runoff in similar regions.