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鱼卵输移运动是鱼类早期发育的重要阶段,关系着鱼类卵苗孵化与资源补充。鱼卵运动规律研究对鱼类早期资源量估算、鱼类产卵场修复、生态措施效果评价和鱼类资源保护等工作都至关重要。本文以中华鲟和四大家鱼鱼卵为代表,总结了鱼卵运动的主要影响因素包括鱼卵物理生物特性、地形因素和水动力因素,并着重从水力学角度综述了这些方面的相关研究成果。在此基础之上,介绍了鱼卵运动研究主要是通过野外鱼卵调查和标志物放流试验、室内水槽试验和数值模拟等研究方法和手段。同时指出,目前鱼卵运动研究多阐明现象,未说明机理,迫切需要机理性的室内试验来揭示鱼卵运动的规律和影响机制;在数值模拟方面需考虑鱼卵运动的维度和尺度问题,并合理概化鱼卵生态属性;在学科交叉方面,可借鉴泥沙颗粒运动的相关研究方法,将鱼类生态学与水力学、河流动力学等学科交叉融合。
The transfer of fish eggs is an important stage in the early development of fish, which is related to hatching of fish eggs and resource supplement. Research on the law of fish movement is of great importance in the early estimation of fish resources, the repair of fish spawning grounds, the evaluation of ecological measures and the conservation of fish resources. In this paper, Chinese sturgeon and four major domestic fish eggs as the representative, summarizes the main influencing factors of the fish eggs physical and biological characteristics, topographical factors and hydrodynamic factors, and summarizes the relevant aspects of the research results from the hydraulic point of view . On this basis, introduced the research of fish-egg movement mainly through field fish-tank investigation and marker discharge test, indoor tank test and numerical simulation research methods and means. At the same time, it is pointed out that there are many explanations on the phenomenon of fish-egg movement at present and the mechanism is not elucidated. It is urgent to use mechanistic laboratory tests to reveal the regularity and mechanism of fish-egg movement. In the numerical simulation, the dimensions and scales of fish-egg movement should be considered It is reasonable to generalize the ecological properties of fish eggs. In the aspect of interdisciplinarity, the relevant research methods of sediment particle movement can be used to cross-integrate the fish ecology with the disciplines of hydraulics and river dynamics.