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在以往有关文学研究方法论的研讨中,我们根据阐释学的视角理论和西方女性主义有关人的自然性别与社会文化性别理论,提出了文学研究的性别视角问题。视角作为一种阅读阐释文本的角度,关系到对文本意义的发现和阐释,关系到阅读者、阐释者能够从文本中看到什么和对什么熟视无睹、视而不见。作为一种文学研究的方法论,性别视角的合理性和有效性,就在于作为个体的一个个女性或男性都既是一定民族的、阶级的人,同时又是有性别的人,而性别在绵延几千年的父权等级制社会里,形成了一整套严密的以自然性别为基础的男主女从、男优女劣的社会文化性别观念,文学作为人的情感的、意识的与无意识的表现,自然会自觉和不自觉地将这些历史与社会的性别内涵携带进文学文本之内,只有运用综合性的双性主体间性的性别视角,才能将它们被长期遮蔽和曲解的意义澄明彰显出来。我们这次“性别视角下的文学文本解读”便是一次具体运用性别视角来解读文学文本的实践。文学文本的意义是丰富的和非自明性的(那些浅薄的和直白的教条式的文本除外),任何自以为高明的阅读者和阐释者,都很难一次性地将文本的意义一网打尽。如果说有一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特是阐释学的真理的话,那么,我们作为这一千个读者中的一个,对自己所感兴趣的文学文本,也应该有锲而不舍、一读再读,不惜读它十几次、几十次、一百次的勇气。此次以性别视角解读文本的实践,期待参与者能找到一个自己感兴趣的理论的与实际的问题切入,组织起相关文本说清楚一个问题。这样,文本的涵盖面需要相应的广阔,女性文本、“男性文本”或古今中外的文本都可以根据阐释的需要走进我们的视野。不言而喻,这对于我们的文本分析能力和理论思维素质将是一次挑战。让我们共同面对这次挑战。
In the previous research on methodology of literary studies, we put forward the gender perspective of literary studies based on the hermeneutic perspective theory and Western feminist theory of human nature and social and cultural gender. As a kind of reading and interpreting text, perspective relates to the discovery and interpretation of the meaning of the text, which is related to what readers and interpreters can see and ignore from the text. As a methodology of literary studies, the rationality and effectiveness of the gender perspective lie in the fact that the individual women or men as individuals are both people of a certain nationality, class, and gender at the same time, In the millennial patriarchal society, a complete set of rigorous gender-based masculine and feminist social and cultural concepts of gender and literary as human emotions, both conscious and unconscious, are formed Will naturally and unconsciously bring these historical and social gender connotations into the literary texts. Only by using a comprehensive gender perspective of the intersexual inter-gender can they clarify the meaning of being masked and misinterpreted for a long time . Our “Interpretation of Literary Texts from a Gender Perspective” is a Practical Application of a Gender Perspective to Interpreting Literary Texts. The meaning of literary texts is both rich and non-self-explanatory (except for those superficial and straightforward dogmatic texts), and it is difficult for any self-perceptive reader and interpreter to find the meaning of the text all at once. If there are one thousand readers who have a thousand Hamlet is the truth of interpretation, then we, as one of these thousand readers, should also persevere in the literary texts we are interested in, , Do not hesitate to read it a dozen times, dozens of times, one hundred times the courage. The practice of interpreting texts from a gender perspective expects participants to find a theoretical and practical problem of interest to them and to organize the relevant texts to clarify one issue. In this way, the coverage of the text needs a correspondingly broad and feminine text, and “male texts” or ancient and modern Chinese and foreign texts can all enter our field of vision according to the needs of interpretation. It goes without saying that this will be a challenge to our ability of text analysis and theoretical thinking. Let us face this challenge together.