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目的分析济南市2009-2012年麻疹流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹策略提供参考。方法采用描述流行病学方法对麻疹疫情进行统计分析。结果济南市2009-2012年累计报告麻疹病例509例,年均报告发病率为1.96/10万,其中2009年报告发病率最高,2012年最低;高发季节为1-5月,占81.73%;男性发病高于女性;城区发病高于农村;年龄分布以≥15岁和<8月龄为多,分别占48.13%和25.34%;8月龄~14岁病例中30.37%有含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)接种史;病例发病前7~21 d有医疗机构就诊史者占35.36%。结论济南市麻疹病例以成人和小月龄婴儿为主,鼓励育龄妇女接种麻腮风疫苗,1岁以下儿童MCV及时接种率仍需提高;医源性感染已成为麻疹传播的重要途径,应加强医院内感染控制。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jinan City from 2009 to 2012 and provide a reference for the development of measles elimination strategies. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of measles. Results A total of 509 measles cases were reported in Jinan from 2009 to 2012, with an average annual incidence of 1.96 per 100 000. Among them, the highest incidence was reported in 2009 and the lowest in 2012; the highest incidence was January to May, accounting for 81.73% The incidence was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The age distribution was more than 15 years old and <8 months old, accounting for 48.13% and 25.34% respectively. 30.37% of cases aged 8 months to 14 years had measles vaccine (MCV ) Vaccination history; 7-21 days before the onset of medical institutions, history of those who accounted for 35.36%. Conclusion The cases of measles in Ji’nan City are mainly adult and small month-old infants. Women of childbearing age are encouraged to receive MMR vaccine. The timely vaccination rate of MCV in children under 1 year old still needs to be improved. Iatrogenic infection has become an important route of measles transmission and should be strengthened Infection control in the hospital.