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目的对贫困地区农村育龄妇女乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)防治知识知晓状况、获得途径及相关因素进行调查,分析影响因素并提出对策。方法在甘肃省武山、镇原、宁县各随机抽取1个乡,每个乡抽取5个村,每个村对50名15～45岁育龄妇女共790人开展问卷调查。结果790名育龄妇女乙肝防治知识知晓率为47.82%。文盲知晓率最低(27.32%),大专及以上文化程度知晓率最高(72.87%)。不同年龄组育龄妇女在获取和期望的健康教育方式上差异无显著的统计学意义;但不同文化程度育龄妇女则存在明显差异。结论贫困地区农村育龄妇女乙肝防治知识知晓率较低,对乙肝病毒感染者有畏惧心理或歧视现象,应针对不同人群的特征采取不同的健康教育方式。
Objective To investigate the status of knowledge, access and related factors of hepatitis B prevention and treatment among rural women of childbearing age in poor areas, analyze the influencing factors and propose countermeasures. Methods One village was randomly selected from each of Wushan, Zhenyuan and Ningxian in Gansu Province. Five villages were selected for each village. A total of 790 women of childbearing age from 15 to 45 were surveyed in each village by questionnaire. Results The awareness rate of prevention and treatment of hepatitis B in 790 women of childbearing age was 47.82%. The lowest awareness of illiteracy (27.32%), the highest level of college education and above (72.87%). There was no significant difference in the ways of health education among women of childbearing age at different ages in expectation and expectation; however, women of childbearing age with different educational level had obvious differences. Conclusions There is a low awareness rate of hepatitis B prevention and treatment among rural women of childbearing age in poverty-stricken areas and there is fear or discrimination of hepatitis B virus infection. Different health education methods should be adopted according to the characteristics of different groups of people.