医疗保健制度是指医疗保健费用的负担方式。假如我们考虑世界上不同的时期和不同的社会环境,那么负担的方式细分起来可以有很多种,各国学者在归纳的时候,由于观点和出发点的不同,也各有差异,至今还没有形成一种公认的分类法。我们认为大体上可以分成以下三种类型:自费医疗、集资医疗和公费医疗。实行什么样的医疗制度,受到多种因素的影响,其中最主要的是社会经济制度、国家的经济发展和财政实力、各种不同社会集团之间力量的对比、历史条件和传统习惯、保健组织和医疗服务状况等。在一个国家内,往往不是实行一种医疗制度,而是多种制度同时并存。医疗制度是在不断变化发展的。从自费医疗转为集资医疗,从集资医疗转为公费医疗,这是近百年来、特别是第二次世界大战以来医疗保 The health care system refers to the way in which health care costs are borne. If we consider different periods in the world and different social environments, there may be many different ways of subdividing the burden. When scholars from various countries sum up, due to differences in viewpoints and starting points, there are also differences. A recognized taxonomy. We think it can be roughly divided into the following three types: self-financed medical care, fund-raising care, and publicly-funded medical care. What kind of medical system is implemented is affected by many factors. The most important ones are the socio-economic system, the country’s economic development and financial strength, the comparison of forces among various social groups, historical conditions and traditional habits, and health organizations. And medical service conditions. In a country, it is often not a medical system but multiple systems that coexist. The medical system is constantly changing. From private medical care to fund-raising medical care, from fund-raising to public-funded medical care, this is medical care since the last hundred years, especially since the Second World War.