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摘 要:研究生姜蛋白酶和猕猴桃蛋白酶对干腌羊火腿微生物菌相变化的影响。采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳技术对鲜羊腿(0 d)、腌制3 d以及对照组、生姜蛋白酶添加量0.05%组(S组)、猕猴桃蛋白酶添加量0.05%组(M组)风干前期(8 d)、风干中期(15 d)、风干后期(23 d)、成熟期(30 d)工艺点的干腌羊火腿微生物菌相变化进行测定。结果表明:腐生葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus saprophyticus)、表皮巨球菌(Macrococcus epidermidis)、土壤葡萄球菌(S. edaphicus)、哈夫尼亚菌(Hafnia paralvei)、明串珠菌(Leuconostoc gelidum)是各组干腌羊火腿的优势菌,其中葡萄球菌属种类较多;2 种蛋白酶可丰富干腌羊火腿微生物的种类;生姜蛋白酶和猕猴桃蛋白酶处理组成熟30 d时均出现木糖葡萄球菌(S. xylosus);在整个加工过程中,干腌羊火腿微生物菌相变化较稳定,受2 种蛋白酶的影响不大。
关键词:干腌羊火腿;生姜蛋白酶;猕猴桃蛋白酶;聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳;菌相变化
Effect of Zingibain and Actinidin on Microfloral Changes during Processing and Ripening of Dry-Cured Mutton Ham
Aerzuguli·ABUDUWAILI, Yusufu·SULAIMAN, Batuer·ABULIKEMU*
(College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, ?rümqi 830052, China)
Abstract: This work studied the effects of zingibain and actinidin on microfloral changes during the processing and ripening of dry-cured mutton ham. Fresh and three-day salted Biceps femoris muscles as well as samples from the control, 0.05% zingibain and 0.05% actinidin addition groups taken at the early (day 8), middle (day 15) and later stages (day 23) of air drying and on day 30 of ripening were used as experimental objects. Polymerase chain reaction-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to analyzed the microflora. Results showed that Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Macrococcus epidermidis, S. edaphicus, Hafnia paralvei, and Leuconostoc gelidum were the dominant bacteria in all samples. Staphylococcus was the most diverse genus. The two proteases could enrich the microbial species in dry-cured mutton ham. Staphylococcus xylosus appeared on day 30 of maturation for the treatment groups. During the entire process, the microflora remained relatively stable and was little affected by the two proteases.
Keywords: dry-cured mutton ham; zingibain; actinidin; polymerase chain reaction-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis; microfloral change
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20200113-010
中圖分类号:TS251.53 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2020)04-0008-05
引文格式:
阿尔祖古丽·阿卜杜外力, 玉素甫·苏来曼, 巴吐尔·阿不力克木. 生姜蛋白酶和猕猴桃蛋白酶对干腌羊火腿微生物菌相变化的影响[J]. 肉类研究, 2020, 34(4): 8-12. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20200113-010. http://www.rlyj.net.cnAerzuguli·ABUDUWAILI, Yusufu·SULAIMAN, Batuer·ABULIKEMU. Effect of zingibain and actinidin on microfloral changes during processing and ripening of dry-cured mutton ham[J]. Meat Research, 2020, 34(4): 8-12. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20200113-010. http://www.rlyj.net.cn变性梯度凝胶电泳(denatured gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)技术是1979年由Fischer[1]、Lerman[2]等提出的一种分离微生物的凝胶电泳技术[3-4]。聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术是在传统微生物技术基础上扩增rDNA或rRNA,从而用于分子鉴定,并在微生物多样性研究方面得到良好应用的一种技术[5-6]。PCR-DGGE技术的原理是从样品中直接提取细菌总DNA,进行PCR扩增,并将DNA分子双螺旋结构通过梯度分布的不同质量浓度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶进行解链,随解链程度的增加,其迁移率逐渐减小,从而将DNA(长度相同但碱基序列不同)分离[7]。相对于传统微生物分离鉴定方法,PCR-DGGE技术具有经济快速、可靠性强、重现性好、方便快捷等优点[8]。 [21] 阿尔祖古丽·阿卜杜外力, 玉素甫·苏来曼, 巴吐尔·阿不力克木. 生姜蛋白酶对干腌羊火腿品质特性的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2019, 40(8): 15-21. DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20180218-169.
[22] GOLOWCZYC M A, MOBILI P, GARROTE G L, et al. Protective action of Lactobacillus kefir carrying S-layer protein against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2007, 118(3): 264-273. DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.042.
[23] N?BEL U, ENGELEN B, FELSKE A, et al. Sequence heterogeneities of genes encoding 16S rRNAs in Paenibacillus polymyxa detected by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis[J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 1996, 178(19): 5636-5643. DOI:10.1128/jb.178.19.5636-5643.1996.
[24] 刘娜, 苏丰薇. 刃天青还原法快速检测鲜牛奶中总菌数的研究[J]. 河南工业大学学报, 2013, 34(1): 73-77.
[25] LIU Huaide, WANG Lei, LIU Mei, et al. The intestinal microbialdiversity in Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) as determined by PCR-DGGE and clone library analyses[J]. Aquaculture, 2011, 317(1/4): 32-36. DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.04.008.
[26] 韩鲜娜. 新疆熏马肠强化接种与内源酶调控技术研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2013: 3-16. DOI:10.7666/d.D415686.
[27] 李文玲. 酵母活力測定方法的建立及高活力酵母的培养[D]. 无锡: 江南大学, 2011: 1-15.
[28] 黄艾祥. 云南干腌火腿品质特征形成与微生物作用研究[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2006: 140. DOI:10.7666/d.y937842.
[29] 陈韵, 胡萍, 湛剑龙, 等. 运用PCR-DGGE技术分析贵州侗族酸肉中细菌多样性[J]. 食品与机械, 2014, 30(2): 188-191. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-5788.2014.02.047.
[30] VERDIN E, SAILLARD C, LABBE A, et al. A nested PCR assay for the detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in tracheobronchiolar washings from pigs[J]. Veterinary Microbiology, 2000, 76(1): 31-40. DOI:10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00228-5.
收稿日期:2020-01-13
基金项目:国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(31260381)
第一作者简介:阿尔祖古丽·阿卜杜外力(1992—)(ORCID: 0000-0001-7367-5699),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为畜产品加工。E-mail: [email protected]
通信作者简介:巴吐尔·阿不力克木(1968—)(ORCID: 0000-0002-6873-9632),男,教授,博士,研究方向为肉品加工与质量控制。E-mail: [email protected]
关键词:干腌羊火腿;生姜蛋白酶;猕猴桃蛋白酶;聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳;菌相变化
Effect of Zingibain and Actinidin on Microfloral Changes during Processing and Ripening of Dry-Cured Mutton Ham
Aerzuguli·ABUDUWAILI, Yusufu·SULAIMAN, Batuer·ABULIKEMU*
(College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, ?rümqi 830052, China)
Abstract: This work studied the effects of zingibain and actinidin on microfloral changes during the processing and ripening of dry-cured mutton ham. Fresh and three-day salted Biceps femoris muscles as well as samples from the control, 0.05% zingibain and 0.05% actinidin addition groups taken at the early (day 8), middle (day 15) and later stages (day 23) of air drying and on day 30 of ripening were used as experimental objects. Polymerase chain reaction-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to analyzed the microflora. Results showed that Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Macrococcus epidermidis, S. edaphicus, Hafnia paralvei, and Leuconostoc gelidum were the dominant bacteria in all samples. Staphylococcus was the most diverse genus. The two proteases could enrich the microbial species in dry-cured mutton ham. Staphylococcus xylosus appeared on day 30 of maturation for the treatment groups. During the entire process, the microflora remained relatively stable and was little affected by the two proteases.
Keywords: dry-cured mutton ham; zingibain; actinidin; polymerase chain reaction-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis; microfloral change
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20200113-010
中圖分类号:TS251.53 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2020)04-0008-05
引文格式:
阿尔祖古丽·阿卜杜外力, 玉素甫·苏来曼, 巴吐尔·阿不力克木. 生姜蛋白酶和猕猴桃蛋白酶对干腌羊火腿微生物菌相变化的影响[J]. 肉类研究, 2020, 34(4): 8-12. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20200113-010. http://www.rlyj.net.cnAerzuguli·ABUDUWAILI, Yusufu·SULAIMAN, Batuer·ABULIKEMU. Effect of zingibain and actinidin on microfloral changes during processing and ripening of dry-cured mutton ham[J]. Meat Research, 2020, 34(4): 8-12. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20200113-010. http://www.rlyj.net.cn变性梯度凝胶电泳(denatured gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)技术是1979年由Fischer[1]、Lerman[2]等提出的一种分离微生物的凝胶电泳技术[3-4]。聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术是在传统微生物技术基础上扩增rDNA或rRNA,从而用于分子鉴定,并在微生物多样性研究方面得到良好应用的一种技术[5-6]。PCR-DGGE技术的原理是从样品中直接提取细菌总DNA,进行PCR扩增,并将DNA分子双螺旋结构通过梯度分布的不同质量浓度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶进行解链,随解链程度的增加,其迁移率逐渐减小,从而将DNA(长度相同但碱基序列不同)分离[7]。相对于传统微生物分离鉴定方法,PCR-DGGE技术具有经济快速、可靠性强、重现性好、方便快捷等优点[8]。 [21] 阿尔祖古丽·阿卜杜外力, 玉素甫·苏来曼, 巴吐尔·阿不力克木. 生姜蛋白酶对干腌羊火腿品质特性的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2019, 40(8): 15-21. DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20180218-169.
[22] GOLOWCZYC M A, MOBILI P, GARROTE G L, et al. Protective action of Lactobacillus kefir carrying S-layer protein against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2007, 118(3): 264-273. DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.042.
[23] N?BEL U, ENGELEN B, FELSKE A, et al. Sequence heterogeneities of genes encoding 16S rRNAs in Paenibacillus polymyxa detected by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis[J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 1996, 178(19): 5636-5643. DOI:10.1128/jb.178.19.5636-5643.1996.
[24] 刘娜, 苏丰薇. 刃天青还原法快速检测鲜牛奶中总菌数的研究[J]. 河南工业大学学报, 2013, 34(1): 73-77.
[25] LIU Huaide, WANG Lei, LIU Mei, et al. The intestinal microbialdiversity in Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) as determined by PCR-DGGE and clone library analyses[J]. Aquaculture, 2011, 317(1/4): 32-36. DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.04.008.
[26] 韩鲜娜. 新疆熏马肠强化接种与内源酶调控技术研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2013: 3-16. DOI:10.7666/d.D415686.
[27] 李文玲. 酵母活力測定方法的建立及高活力酵母的培养[D]. 无锡: 江南大学, 2011: 1-15.
[28] 黄艾祥. 云南干腌火腿品质特征形成与微生物作用研究[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2006: 140. DOI:10.7666/d.y937842.
[29] 陈韵, 胡萍, 湛剑龙, 等. 运用PCR-DGGE技术分析贵州侗族酸肉中细菌多样性[J]. 食品与机械, 2014, 30(2): 188-191. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-5788.2014.02.047.
[30] VERDIN E, SAILLARD C, LABBE A, et al. A nested PCR assay for the detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in tracheobronchiolar washings from pigs[J]. Veterinary Microbiology, 2000, 76(1): 31-40. DOI:10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00228-5.
收稿日期:2020-01-13
基金项目:国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(31260381)
第一作者简介:阿尔祖古丽·阿卜杜外力(1992—)(ORCID: 0000-0001-7367-5699),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为畜产品加工。E-mail: [email protected]
通信作者简介:巴吐尔·阿不力克木(1968—)(ORCID: 0000-0002-6873-9632),男,教授,博士,研究方向为肉品加工与质量控制。E-mail: [email protected]