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目的分析某甲醇作业场所作业人员健康情况,为职业卫生管理提供依据。方法选择该厂工龄1年以上,同时接触甲醇和噪声的113名作业人员为接触组,单纯接触噪声的101名作业人员为对照组,比较两组各体检指标的差异。结果作业场所空气中甲醇浓度较低,时间加权平均浓度为0.9~18.3 mg/m~3,短时间接触浓度为1.7~37.2 mg/m~3。甲醇作业人员现场接触噪声的8 h等效声级在57.5~86.3 d B(A)之间,非甲醇作业人员现场接触噪声的8 h等效声级在56.9~89.2 d B(A)之间,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。接触组头痛、视物模糊、头晕、多梦、眼痛咽痛、皮肤瘙痒等自觉症状发生率高于对照组,肝功能异常、脂肪肝的发生率也高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01);部分甲醇作业人员出现手部皮肤粗糙现象。结论长期低浓度接触甲醇能对接触人员健康造成损害,但本次调查的作业人员体检结果要好于同类文献报道,这与该企业职业卫生管理工作相对到位有关。
Objective To analyze the health status of workers in a methanol workplace and provide basis for occupational health management. Methods A total of 113 workers whose working age was more than 1 year and who were exposed to methanol and noise were selected as the contact group and 101 workers who were exposed to noise as the control group respectively. The differences of the physical examination indexes between the two groups were compared. Results The concentration of methanol in the air at the workplace was low, with a time-weighted average concentration of 0.9-18.3 mg / m3 and a short-term exposure concentration of 1.7-37.2 mg / m3. The 8 h equivalent sound level of the methanol exposure to field workers was between 57.5-86.3 d B (A) and the 8 h equivalent sound level of non-methanol workers’ live exposure noise was between 56.9-89.2 d B (A) There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). The incidence of headache, blurred vision, dizziness, dreams, ocular pain and pharyngitis, pruritus and other symptoms in the contact group were higher than those in the control group, with abnormal liver function and fatty liver. The differences were statistically significant Significance (P <0.05 or 0.01); some of the methanol workers experienced hand skin roughness. Conclusions Long-term low-level exposure to methanol can cause harm to the health of the exposed persons. However, the physical examination result of the survey workers in this survey is better than that reported in the same literature, which is related to the relative occupational health management of the enterprise.