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自Miller等对化学致癌进行深入研究以来,多数人认为:致癌物经代谢活化为终致癌物、作用于靶细胞,形成致癌剂-DNA加合物,引起DNA损伤和生物特性改变,导致细胞突变和癌变;病毒学者们则强调病毒的致癌作用,提出了“前病毒”、“瘤基因”、“原生病毒”学说;二者之间未能取得共同可接受的观点。随后人们采用DNA重组、分子克隆和基因转移等技术,找到了长期以来臆测的致癌基因,从而有可能使二者殊途同归。如癌变分激发和促进二阶段,最初是由化学致癌研究者阐明的,近来亦被病毒学者尤为持癌基因观点的人们所接受。从此癌基因学说受到普遍重视,成为细胞癌变原理研究中十分活跃的理论。为此本文先扼要介绍癌基因的生物特性,再重点探讨化学致癌与癌基因的关系。
Since Miller et al. Conducted an in-depth study of chemical carcinogenesis, most people believe that: carcinogens are activated by metabolism as the ultimate carcinogen and act on the target cells to form carcinogen-DNA adducts, causing DNA damage and changes in biological characteristics, leading to cell mutation And cancer; while virus scholars stress the carcinogenic effect of the virus and put forward the theories of “pro virus”, “tumor gene” and “proto virus”; and they fail to achieve a common and acceptable view. Later, people used DNA recombination, molecular cloning and gene transfer techniques to find the long-speculated oncogenes, making it possible to make the two go the same way. Such as cancer-inducing and promoting two-stage, initially elucidated by researchers of chemical carcinogenesis, has recently also been accepted by virologists, especially those who hold the view of oncogenes. From this theory of oncogene universal attention has become a very active theory in the study of cellular carcinogenesis. To this end, this article briefly describes the biological characteristics of oncogenes, and then focus on the relationship between chemical carcinogens and oncogenes.