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多堆事故源项具有多点同时释放、直接照射更强、各厂房屏蔽效应及反射效应交织、放射性物质浓度计算更加复杂的特点。现有的辐射剂量评价方法及系统难以满足多堆事故近场区应急评估需求。研究表明近场区小尺度风场和大气扩散对应急人员受到的烟羽照射剂量影响较大,大气扩散模型不能忽略附近复杂地形、建筑物等因素影响。对我国主要核电基地反应堆分布情况及场址特点进行了分析研究,选取CFD作为多堆场址近场区流场计算模拟手段。“保守法”用于多堆剂量场叠加计算快捷,易于操作;“现实法”计算量相对较大,但精度更高。应根据应急需要,选取合理的剂量叠加计算方法。
Multiple sources of accident source with more simultaneous release, more direct exposure, the plant shielding effect and reflection effect intertwined, the calculation of the concentration of radioactive material more complex characteristics. The existing radiation dose assessment methods and systems are difficult to meet the emergency assessment needs of near-field zones in multi-reactor accidents. The results show that the small-scale wind field and the atmospheric diffusion in the near-field region have a great influence on the radiation dose of smoke plume for the emergency personnel. The atmospheric diffusion model can not ignore the influence of complex terrain and buildings nearby. The distribution and site characteristics of reactors in China’s major nuclear power bases are analyzed and studied. CFD is selected as the simulation method for the flow field near the field in multi-reactor sites. “Conservative method ” for multi-stack dose field overlay calculation is quick and easy to operate; “realistic method ” calculation is relatively large, but the accuracy is higher. Should be based on emergency needs, select a reasonable calculation of the amount of overlap.