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以来自华北夏谷区、东北春谷区、西北高原早熟春谷区、西北高原中晚熟春谷区等4个主要谷子生态区的270个品种为材料,包括育成品种220份和地方品种50份,测定了籽粒千粒重、蛋白质和脂肪含量。结果表明:270份谷子品种平均蛋白质含量(11.18±1.14)%,脂肪含量(4.00±0.42)%,千粒重(2.87±0.28)g。育成品种的蛋白质含量显著低于地方品种蛋白质含量,而育成品种和地方品种的脂肪含量、千粒重差异不显著;不同生态区品种之间蛋白质含量、千粒重差异显著,但脂肪含量差异不显著。西北早熟春谷区品种蛋白质含量平均最高、千粒重最大,华北夏谷区品种蛋白质含量平均最低、千粒重最小;蛋白质含量和千粒重显著正相关,蛋白质含量、千粒重和生育期显著负相关。本研究报道了近30年来我国谷子主产区谷子品种的蛋白质、脂肪含量和千粒重的差异,对于谷子品质育种具有借鉴意义;研究认为谷子籽粒的蛋白质、脂肪含量和千粒重应作为品质育种的重要指标加以重视。
270 varieties from four major millet ecotopes, namely, Summer Valley in North China, Spring Valley in Northeast, Spring Valley in Northwest Plateau, Middle-late Spring Valley in Northwest Plateau, were selected as materials, including 220 cultivated varieties and 50 varieties of local varieties The grain weight, protein and fat content were measured. The results showed that the average protein content (11.18 ± 1.14)%, the fat content (4.00 ± 0.42)%, and the thousand kernel weight (2.87 ± 0.28) g of 270 grain millet varieties. The protein content of the cultivated varieties was significantly lower than that of the local cultivars, while the fat content and thousand-grain weight of the cultivated cultivars and the local cultivars were not significantly different. The differences of protein content and thousand-kernel weight among cultivars were significant, but the difference of fat content was not significant. The protein content in the Northwest precocious Spring Valley was highest on the average, and the 1000-grain weight was the largest. The protein content in the North Valley and Xiagu Valley was the lowest, and the grain weight was the smallest. The protein content was positively correlated with the 1000-grain weight, and the protein content, 1000-grain weight and the growth stage were negatively correlated. This study reports the differences in protein, fat content and 1000-grain weight of millet varieties in the main producing areas of millet in recent 30 years, which is of reference significance to millet quality breeding. It is concluded that millet grain protein, fat content and 1000-grain weight should be regarded as important indexes of quality breeding Pay attention.