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目的了解耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)在医院内感染的流行病学特征,为临床MRSA的预防和控制提供依据。方法对从医院内收集的不同来源的MRSA进行生化鉴定、药敏试验及脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分子分型,并运用Bio Numeries软件分析其亲缘性关系。结果本研究共收集院内感染分离的MRSA 40株。药敏试验表明,40株MRSA对苯唑西林(100.0%)、头孢西丁(100.0%)、青霉素(100.0%)耐药性达最高,其次是红霉素(80.0%),克林霉素(75.0%);多重耐药谱显示3耐以及以上的占100.0%;PFGE分子分型表明40株MRSA共分为36个型,其中3个型别具有100.0%同源性的菌株。结论院内感染分离的MRSA的耐药性强,多重耐药谱广,PFGE带型多样,且有100.0%同源性菌株,表明MRSA在院内存在相互传播的可能。应加强对其耐药性以及溯源分析,为院内感染溯源及预警,减少MRSA的暴发和流行提供实验室的技术支撑。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospital and provide the basis for clinical prevention and control of MRSA. Methods Biochemical identification, drug susceptibility testing and PFGE molecular typing of MRSA from different sources collected from the hospital were carried out. Bioinmeries software was used to analyze the relationship between MRSA and MRSA. Results In this study, 40 strains of MRSA isolated from nosocomial infections were collected. Susceptibility tests showed that 40 MRSA strains had the highest resistance to oxacillin (100.0%), cefoxitin (100.0%) and penicillin (100.0%), followed by erythromycin (80.0%), clindamycin (75.0%). The multi-drug resistant spectrum showed 100.0% of resistance at 3 resistance or more. The PFGE molecular typing showed that 40 strains of MRSA were divided into 36 types, of which 3 strains had 100.0% homology. Conclusion MRSA isolated from nosocomial infection has strong resistance, broad spectrum of multidrug resistance, diverse bands of PFGE and 100.0% homologous strains, indicating that MRSA may spread in the hospital. Should be strengthened to its resistance and traceability analysis, laboratory traceability and early warning for the hospital to reduce the outbreak and prevalence of MRSA to provide laboratory technical support.