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丙酮氰醇在工业上使用广泛，毒性高，急性中毒时有发生。为制订国产丙酮氰醇卫生标准，我们对其毒性进行了较为系统的实验研究。该产品的急性毒性：大鼠经口ＬＤ５０是５２．０７（±５．３５）ｍｇ／ｋｇ，小鼠经口ＬＤ５０是２３．４４（±３．０８）ｍｇ／ｋｇ，大鼠经呼吸道吸入ＬＣ５０２６３．６３（±５１．２３）ｍｇ／ｍ３。体内蓄积性测定：本品在体内蓄积系数（ｋ）大于５．３，属弱蓄积级；亚慢性毒性：大鼠吸入本品５．４３（±０．９０）ｍｇ／ｍ３和４３．８９（±６．１２）ｍｇ／ｍ３染毒４５至９０天，低剂量组血甘油三酯降低，血清溶菌酶和尿硫氰酸盐升高，与对照组比较有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。其余各观察指标无明显改变。而高剂量组除上述指标改变外，还有血乳酸脱氢酶降低，红细胞压积和血尿素氮、血硫氰酸盐都显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。各脏器病理学检查无明显特异性变化，其炎症和变性改变仍值得注意。
Acetone cyanohydrin widely used in industry, high toxicity, acute poisoning occurred from time to time. In order to make the domestic hygienic standard of acetone cyanohydrin, we conducted a systematic and experimental study on its toxicity. The acute toxicity of the product: the oral LD50 of rats was 52.07 (± 5.35) mg / kg, the oral LD50 of mice was 23.44 (± 3.08) mg / kg, the rats were inhaled through the respiratory tract LC50263 .63 (± 51.23) mg / m3. Accumulation of the body in vivo determination: The product in the body accumulation coefficient (k) is greater than 5.3, is a weak accumulation level; Subchronic toxicity: 5.43 (± 0.90) mg / m3 and 43.89 ± 6.12) mg / m3 for 45 to 90 days, the serum triglyceride levels and serum lysozyme and urinary thiocyanate in low dose group were significantly lower than those in control group (P <0.05) . The remaining indicators did not change significantly. The high-dose group in addition to the above indicators change, but also decreased blood lactate dehydrogenase, hematocrit and blood urea nitrogen, blood thiocyanate were significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05). Pathological examination of various organs no significant specific changes, the changes in inflammation and degeneration is still worth noting.