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目的了解北京市石景山区急性胃肠炎的流行现状,探讨社区居民急性胃肠炎的经济负担和影响因素,为制定食源性疾病预防控制策略提供依据。方法石景山区9个街道全部纳入调查,每个街道采用简单随机抽样法,共抽取20个居委会,在每个抽中的居委会内,采用简单随机抽样法抽取84个调查户,于2014年4月至2015年3月选取调查户中将要过生日的个体进行入户问卷调查。结果全年实际调查1 542人,急性胃肠炎月患病率为1.10%,年发病率为0.14次/人年。30~39岁人群患病率最高,达3.80%,其次为70~79岁组,为2.51%,不同年龄段患病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=0.02,P<0.05)。76.47%的居民自认为急性胃肠炎与进食污染食物有关,居民罹患急性胃肠炎后就诊率为35.29%。结论 30~39岁和70~79岁两组人群是急性胃肠炎的高风险人群,应针对可能的危险因素采取措施,以降低人群急性胃肠炎的发病率。此外,石景山区社区居民罹患急性胃肠炎后就诊率低,因此单靠医院肠道门诊对腹泻患者进行监测不足以反映实际发病情况,应完善相关监测和调查工作。
Objective To understand the prevalence of acute gastroenteritis in Shijingshan District, Beijing, to explore the economic burden and influencing factors of acute gastroenteritis in community residents and to provide basis for the prevention and control strategies of foodborne diseases. Methods Nine streets in Shijingshan District were all included in the survey. Each street was sampled by simple random sampling method. Twenty neighborhood committees were selected. Within each neighborhood committee, 84 households were selected by simple random sampling method. In April 2014 To March 2015, select survey households will have a birthday to carry out household questionnaire. Results A total of 1 542 people were surveyed in the whole year. The monthly prevalence rate of acute gastroenteritis was 1.10% and the annual incidence rate was 0.14 / person-years. The prevalence rate was highest in 30-39 years old population, reaching 3.80%, followed by 70-79 years old group, accounting for 2.51%. There was significant difference in prevalence among different age groups (χ ~ 2 = 0.02, P <0.05). 76.47% of residents think that acute gastroenteritis is related to eating contaminated food, and the rate of visiting residents with acute gastroenteritis is 35.29%. Conclusions The two groups of 30-39 years old and 70-79 years old are the high risk groups of acute gastroenteritis. Measures should be taken according to the possible risk factors to reduce the incidence of acute gastroenteritis in the population. In addition, community residents in Shijingshan have a low rate of visits after acute gastroenteritis. Therefore, monitoring of diarrhea alone in the gut of a hospital does not adequately reflect the actual incidence and should improve relevant monitoring and investigation.