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目的研制机械化清障自动投药灭螺一体机,评价其现场应用效果,为大环境江滩提供灭螺新技术。方法利用机械化、自动化原理与技术,研制适合江滩复杂环境使用的清障与喷撒灭螺药的一体机,在江滩进行现场应用试验,观察一体机清障旋耕效果及旋耕后不同深度土层活螺分布情况,综合比较单纯旋耕组和旋耕后施药组的灭螺效果。结果机械化清障自动投药灭螺一体机实现了同步完成植被压倒粉碎、旋耕灭茬和撒药灭螺等工作程序。旋耕作业后0~5、6~10、11~15 cm和16~20 cm土层内活螺构成比分别为36.31%、25.60%、22.62%和15.48%,其中0~10 cm表层土内活螺占61.91%。现场试验7 d和15 d后,单纯旋耕2遍组土表钉螺死亡率分别为9.38%和8.29%,旋耕2遍+施药1次组土表钉螺死亡率分别为63.04%和80.70%,旋耕2遍+施药组钉螺死亡率显著高于单纯旋耕2遍组(χ_(7d)~2=42.74,χ_(15d)~2=155.56,P均<0.01);现场试验30 d后,单纯旋耕2遍组和旋耕2遍+施药组土表钉螺密度分别为3.02只/0.1 m~2和0.53只/0.1 m~2,分别比试验前下降了64.92%和93.60%,旋耕2遍+施药组环境钉螺密度下降率比单纯旋耕2遍组高30%左右。结论机械化清障自动投药灭螺一体机实现了江滩复杂环境清障与喷撒灭螺药一体化,为我国开展大环境现场灭螺提供了新技术。
Objective To develop mechanized Wrecker automatic feeding screw molder to evaluate its field application effect and to provide a new technology of eliminating snail for the environment beach. Methods Based on the principles of mechanization and automation, a complete machine for clearing away obstacles and spraying molluscicides used in the complicated beach environment was developed. Field experiments were carried out on the riverside to observe the effect of rotary tillage on one machine and the difference after rotary tilling The distribution of live snails in deep soil layer was compared comprehensively to compare the snail-killing effect of rotary-tillage and rotary-tillage groups. The results of automatic mechanization wrecker kill screw one machine to achieve the simultaneous completion of the vegetation overwhelming crushing, rotary tillage and sprinkling drugs and other work procedures. The ratio of live snails in rotations of 0 ~ 5, 6 ~ 10, 11 ~ 15 cm and 16 ~ 20 cm soil layers were 36.31%, 25.60%, 22.62% and 15.48% Lo snails accounted for 61.91%. After 7 d and 15 d of field test, the mortality rates of snail on soil surface were only 9.38% and 8.29%, respectively, and the rates of death oncomelania were 63.04% and 80.70% , And the mortality of oncomelania snails was significantly higher than that of the two rotations (χ_ (7d) ~ 2 = 42.74, χ_ (15d) ~ 2 = 155.56, P <0.01) The results showed that the snail density was only 3.02 /0.1 m ~ 2 and 0.53 /0.1 m ~ 2, respectively, which decreased by 64.92% and 93.60% respectively than that before the experiment. , Rotary 2 times + pesticide group environment snail density descend than the simple rotary 2 times higher than 30%. Conclusions The mechanized Wrecker automatically cast mollusk integrated machine to realize the integration of the complex environment of the beach and the spraying of molluscicides and provide a new technology for our country to carry out molluscs in the large environment.