洪武时期 ,明朝廷对北元采取积极的招抚政策 ,被认为是蒙古人的故元官兵大规模南下 ,直接导致了北元复国失败和分裂瓦解。作者通过对南下故元官兵的由来、民族构成和蒙古人特点的分析 ,认为所谓南下蒙古人 ,实际上绝大多数是改朝换代时北退的元朝官兵。他们中汉族占有相当比重 ,其中的蒙古人也具有久居中原、深受儒家文化熏陶的特点。正是因为这些内在因素的存在 ,才使明朝的招抚政策发挥了有效的作用。 During the period of Hongwu, the Ming court took a pro-conciliation policy toward the Beiyuan and was considered to be a large-scale southward demobilization of the Mongols. It directly led to the failure and division of the Beiyuan Rebellion. By analyzing the origin, ethnic composition and features of the Mongolians, the author thinks that the so-called south Mongolians are in fact the majority of the officers and soldiers of the Yuan Dynasty who returned northward during the regime change. Among them, the Han people occupy a considerable proportion, of which the Mongols also have the characteristics of living in the Central Plains, deeply influenced by Confucianism and culture. It is precisely because of these internal factors that the Ming Dynasty appeasement policy has played an effective role.