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1870年普法战争结束后,一个统一的德意志帝国出现在中欧。面对崛起中的德国以及由此造成的欧洲政治格局的变化,列强都开始相应地调整自己的外交政策以适应新的国际环境。德国、俄罗斯和奥匈帝国于1873年结成的三皇同盟就反映了这种政策调整,是三国利益激烈碰撞的结果,是在俾斯麦的主导下欧洲国际关系重组的一次尝试。本文试图通过梳理1870年至三皇同盟成立的这一时期欧洲国际关系,描述在三皇同盟背景下形成的以德国为核心的新的外交格局。
After the Franco-Prussian War ended in 1870, a unified German Empire appeared in Central Europe. In the face of the rising Germany and the consequent changes in the political landscape in Europe, the powers all began to adjust their foreign policies accordingly to suit the new international environment. The Triumph League formed by Germany, Russia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1873 reflected this policy adjustment as a result of a fierce collision of interests between the three nations and an attempt to reorganize European international relations led by Bismarck. This paper attempts to sort out the international relations in Europe during the period from 1870 to the establishment of the Triumvirate Alliance and describe the new diplomatic pattern with Germany as the core formed in the context of the Triumphs.