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我国应收账款质押方兴未艾,从案例视角切入,深切指出现存明显的法治短板:制度安排重传统民事思维、轻商法创新设计,重大陆法制借鉴、轻英美理念移植,重行政规章调整、轻法典系统规制,重指导案例缓解燃眉之急、轻成文法治长效机制建设,这些都使应收账款质押法治效果大打折扣。最后,在分析美国相关制度基础上提出如下建议:在当下民法典编纂中,应对物权法民商规范进行合理拆分,将传统类型担保物权一般规范纳入民法典分编中。针对凸显商事性质的应收账款质押规范,可借鉴美国商法典第九编的立法模式,通过“商事通则”的商事担保之一章中对其作专节立法完善:包括拓宽应收账款的出质标的范围、明确登记机构统一为信贷征信机构中国人民银行征信中心,消除各行其政之乱象,并认可控制、自动公示等多元公示方式,区别情形确立通知次债务人制度,确认质权直接实现方式等。
China’s accounts receivable pledge in the ascendant, from the case perspective, deeply pointed out that the existing obvious shortcomings of the rule of law: institutional arrangements, traditional civil thinking, light commercial law innovation design, major civil law, light British and American philosophy transplantation, heavy administrative rules and regulations, light Codex system regulation, focusing on guiding cases to alleviate the urgent needs of the light rule of law, the establishment of long-term mechanism, all these accounts receivables pledge the effectiveness of the rule of law greatly reduced. Finally, based on the analysis of the relevant systems in the United States, the following suggestions are put forward: In the compilation of the current civil code, a reasonable separation of civil and commercial norms of property law should be made, and the general norms of the traditional types of security interests incorporated into the classification of civil code. In view of the promulgation of commercial account receivables pledge specification, we can draw lessons from the legislative mode of Part 9 of the Commercial Code of America and improve it through the chapter of commercial guarantee of “General Rules of Commercial Law”: including broadening receivables Clear the scope of the quality of the accounts, a clear registration agencies unified credit reference center for credit lending institutions, the People’s Bank of China to eliminate the chaos of its own affairs, and recognized control, automatic publicity and other multiple publicity, the situation established to notify the secondary debtor system, Confirmation of the direct realization of pledge and so on.