Objectives To study the change in plasma hemoglobin concentration in elderly patients with primary hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes complicated with end-stage renal disease(ESRD) determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate. Methods Two hundred and thirty cases of Chinese patients aged 60 years or older with primary hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes complicated with chronic kidney disease were enrolled in the study. Patients with chronic kidney disease were divided into ESRD group with estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 15 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 (7.80± 3.14 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2) and non-ESRD group with estimated glomerular filtration rate 15 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 (29.76± 12.90 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2) or higher. The plasma hemoglobin concentration was compared between the above two groups retrospectively. Results There was significant decrease in plasma hemoglobin concentration in ESRD group compared with non-ESRD group(74.4± 22.5 g/L vs 100.8± 23.0 g/L, P<0.05). After stratification by sex, there was also significant decrease in plasma hemoglobin concentration both in male and female of ESRD groups compared with their respective non-ESRD groups(77.2 ± 22.0 g/L vs 104.9± 20.7 g/L; 69.7± 22.8 g/L vs 96.4± 24.8 g/L, P<0.05, respectively). Plasma hemoglobin concentration was positively related to estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly in patients with ESRD(P<0.05). Conclusions Plasma hemoglobin concentration is decreased significantly, and is positively related to estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly in elderly patients with primary hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes complicated with ESRD determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate. Objectives To study the change in plasma hemoglobin concentration in elderly patients with primary hypertension and / or type 2 diabetes complicated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate. Methods Two hundred and thirty cases of Chinese patients aged 60 years or older with primary hypertension and / or type 2 diabetes complicated with chronic kidney disease were enrolled in the study. Patients with chronic kidney disease were divided into ESRD group with estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 15 mL · min -1 · 1.73 m -2 (7.80 ± 3.14 mL · min -1 · 1.73 m -2) and non-ESRD group with estimated glomerular filtration rate 15 mL · min -1 · 1.73 m -2 (29.76 ± 12.90 mL · min -1 · 1.73 m -2 ) or higher. The plasma hemoglobin concentration was compared between the above two groups retrospectively. Results There was significant decrease in plasma hemoglobin concentration in ESRD group compared with non-ESRD group (74.4 ± 22.5 g / L vs 100.8 ± 23.0 g / L, P <0.05) stratification by sex, there was also significant decrease in plasma hemoglobin concentration both in male and female of ESRD groups compared with their respective non-ESRD groups (77.2 ± 22.0 g / L vs 104.9 ± 20.7 g / L; 69.7 ± 22.8 g / L P <0.05, respectively). Plasma hemoglobin concentration was positively related to estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly in patients with ESRD (P <0.05). Conclusions Plasma hemoglobin concentration is significantly decreased, and is positively related to estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly in elderly patients with primary hypertension and / or type 2 diabetes complicated with ESRD determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate.