类推与对比皆以“类”为基础,是社会关系扩展的两种路径。前者强调不同“类”的相似、亲和,后者强调差异、排斥。“类”的观念叠加族群意识后,在横向社会结合中主要体现为情感类推,在纵向社会分层中则为利益对比。族群意识既有情感因素,也有利益因素。其排他性不是必然的,而是与社会分层产生的“相对剥夺感”或直接损失有关,它会使利益冲突变得情感化,而情感化了的利益冲突反过来又会强化乃至固化族群意识。 Both analogy and contrast are based on “class ”, which are two kinds of paths for expanding social relations. The former emphasizes the similarity and affinity of different “classes”, the latter emphasizing differences and exclusions. After the concept of “class ” is superimposed on the concept of ethnic group, it is mainly embodied in the analogy of horizontal society in terms of emotional analogy and in the vertical social stratification. Ethnic consciousness has both emotional and beneficial factors. Its exclusivity is not inevitable, but related to the “relative sense of deprivation” or direct loss caused by social stratification, it will make the conflict of interest emotional, and emotional conflicts of interest will in turn be strengthened and even cured Ethnic consciousness.