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核电站破坏后放射性燃料泄露带来的灾难性后果,使得核电站特别是核反应堆成为军事打击和恐怖袭击的重要目标之一。本文分析总结了核反应堆安全壳因弹体和飞机的冲(撞)击爆炸导致受损所涉及的关键科学问题的国内外研究进展,指出核安全壳体防护效能的研究重点主要在于:弹体“侵彻(贯穿)+爆炸”作用对双层钢筋混凝土和内衬钢板复合核安全壳结构的毁伤效应;综合考虑安全壳体结构、混凝土材料模型、飞机质量与刚度分布、撞击速度和位置、加载面积等因素影响的大型商用飞机撞击核安全壳全过程的精细化数值模拟;冲击爆炸与火荷载多灾场耦合作用下钢筋混凝土核安全壳的损伤破坏机理。
The disastrous consequences of the leakage of radioactive fuels after the destruction of nuclear power plants have made nuclear power plants, especially nuclear reactors, one of the major targets of military strikes and terrorist attacks. This paper analyzes and summarizes the domestic and foreign research progress on the key scientific issues involved in the nuclear reactor containment damage caused by impact (impact) blasting of the projectile and the aircraft. It is pointed out that the focus of study on the protective effectiveness of the nuclear safety enclosure mainly lies in: The effect of “penetration (penetration) + explosion” on the damage of double-layer reinforced concrete and lined steel composite nuclear containment structure; considering the structure of safety shell, concrete material model, aircraft mass and stiffness distribution, impact velocity and position , Loading area and other factors affecting the large-scale commercial aircraft crashing the full containment process of the nuclear safety shell numerical simulation; impact explosion and fire load coupled disaster-reinforced concrete nuclear containment damage mechanism.