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目的对比性探讨电磁脉冲(EMP)、S带高功率微波(S-HPM)和X带高功率微波(X-HPM)三种波段电磁辐射致睾丸组织受损的近期和远期效应及其相关敏感指标。方法雄性Wistar大鼠192只,随机分为EMP组、S-HPM组、X-HPM组和对照组,于照后不同时间点采集睾丸组织称重,光镜观察睾丸损伤,并用图像分析技术对曲细精管病变进行定量分析。结果三种波段电磁波辐照后睾丸结构和生精细胞形态损伤基本相似:早期睾丸重及睾丸重/体重比值呈下降趋势;曲细精管生精上皮变薄,生精细胞排列紊乱,精原细胞变性坏死并由管壁脱落,精母细胞和精子数量减少并团聚于管腔中央,支持细胞和间质细胞不同程度变性;曲细精管受损百分率显示EMP组最重,S-HPM最轻,生精细胞受损数量与程度显著增加(P<0.05)。结论三种波段电磁辐射对睾丸生精细胞的损伤,具有速发性、时相性、分布不均一性特点;损伤程度呈EMP>X-HPM>S-HPM;睾丸曲细精管受损百分率可定量反映其损伤程度,可望成为评估电磁辐射致睾丸损伤的敏感指标之一。
Objective To compare the short-term and long-term effects of testicular tissue damage induced by electromagnetic radiation (EMP), S-HPM and X-HPM band electromagnetic radiation Sensitive indicators. Methods Ninety-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into EMP group, S-HPM group, X-HPM group and control group. Testicular tissues were collected at different time points after irradiation. Testicular injuries were observed with light microscope. Cystic duct stenosis quantitative analysis. Results Testicular structure and morphology of spermatogenic cells were similar after the three kinds of electromagnetic waves were irradiated: the early testicular weight and testicular weight / body weight ratio showed a decreasing trend; the seminiferous tubules spermatogenic epithelial thinning, spermatogenic cells disordered, Cell degeneration and necrosis and shed by the tube wall, spermatocytes and sperm count decreased and reunited in the central lumen, supporting cells and interstitial cells of varying degrees of degeneration; seminiferous tubule damage percentage showed the highest EMP group, S-HPM The number and severity of light and spermatogenic cells were significantly increased (P <0.05). Conclusions The damage of three kinds of electromagnetic radiation to the spermatogenic cells of the testes is characterized by rapid onset, time phase and distribution heterogeneity. The degree of damage is EMP> X-HPM> S-HPM. The percentage of testicular seminiferous tubules damaged Quantitatively reflect the degree of damage, is expected to become one of the sensitive indicators of testicular injury induced by electromagnetic radiation.