地理信息系统(GIS)是指用于输入、存储、维护、管理、检索、分析、综合和输出地理信息或以位置为基础的信息计算机系统。近年来,GIS在现代医学领域的应用愈加广泛,有效地促进了人们对疾病的认知、解释、预报与调控。本文就其在传染病、慢性非传染性疾病、妇幼卫生中、环境卫生中、食品安全、灾害医学救援、突发公共卫生事件、公共卫生政策管理等方面的应用进行综述。同时对GIS应用过程中存在的问题进行阐述,并展望GIS未来的医学领域应用前景。 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) refers to computer systems used to input, store, maintain, manage, retrieve, analyze, synthesize and output geographic information or location-based information. In recent years, GIS has become more and more widely used in the field of modern medicine, effectively promoting people’s cognition, explanation, prediction and regulation of diseases. This article reviews its applications in infectious diseases, chronic non-communicable diseases, maternal and child health, environmental health, food safety, disaster medical rescue, public health emergency and public health policy management. At the same time, the existing problems in the application of GIS are expounded, and the future application prospects of GIS in the field of medicine are prospected.